Health Promotion Interventions For Obesity Health And Social Care Essay

Health Promotion Interventions For Obesity Health And Social Care EssayThis chapter presents findings from the articles that matched the inclusion criteria. It give introduce evidence found via literature search described on Chapter 2 Methodology. Therefore, this chapter presents the evidence on the health promotion interventions for obesity in adults with ID and its posture. It as well as includes some of the key limitations found by the investigateer/s that carried out each of the discussed reviews. The documents reviewed had directly and indirectly the same point to be designed aiming to discredit and tackle obesity in people with ID. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Furthermore a systematic and an combinative literature review were focused on obesity and people with ID.One systematic review was focused on weight loss interventions for people with ID and was written by Hamilton etal. (2007). It includes programmes that focus on nutrition, animal(prenominal) consum ption or health promotion (education). From the research five studies will be presented in this chapter. The other documents reviewed could not be include in this piece of deed as Hamilton et al. included the review of five outdated studies, in which three were undertaken in the 1980s. The approaches to the management of obesity for people with ID discussed in the systematic review included behavioural approaches, and surgical interventions including gastric bypass surgery and pharmacological treatment. However, relatively few researchers have examined the effectiveness of weight loss interventions for adults with ID.One paper was an integrative literature review of interventions designed to reduce obesity in people who have ID was written by Jinks et al. (2010). The paper is a review of the effectiveness of non-surgical, non-pharmaceutical interventions designed to promote weight loss in people with ID. It also discusses how qualitative evidence on peoples experiences and motivati ons can help understanding of the quantitative research terminuss. An integrative review method was used and synthesis of the findings related to study design, participants, and types of interventions, outcome measures and participant perspectives. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria, seven of these studies will be presented in this chapter as it met the inclusion criteria of this research. Interventions presented by Jinks et al. (2010) that included as participants people without ID and focused sole(prenominal) in adolescents were excluded. The majority of the interventions discussed were focused on talent intake, energy expenditure or health promotion. Just a small number of studies incorporated behaviour modification approaches.The nine studies to be discussed in this chapter were undertaken in antithetic settings (supported and non-supported living, day centres, gathering and residential homes). The majority of the researches were undertaken with population from the U nited Kingdom (three studies) and United States (five studies) with the exception of nonpareil study from Taiwan. Sample sizes of the intervention studies varied in numbers of group of 6 to 201 participants. The preponderance of the studies used samples of people who are considerate to have mild to moderate ID. One study (Rimmer et al., 2004) focused only on people with raven syndrome. Most of the groups were of mixed gender, only Bradley (2003) that included only women in the study. The age of the participants that undertook the researches varied a lot. All participants were aged 16 familys or older. None of the studies were focused only with elderly participants, although one study had participants of ageing group, meaning individuals older than 32 years of age. A outline of these findings are presented on the next page on Table 4.Table 4. Study description, sample and findings.StudyDescriptionCountry and SettingsSampleFindingsAronow and Hahn (2005)One year multi component int erventionUS.Non-institutional settings.201 adults (mild to moderate ID 59% overweight/obese)Health risks = decreasedHealth strength=increasedBradley (2005)One year nutritional and physical program.UK. back up living settings.09 women (mild ID 8 obese)Weight loss8 of 9 having breakfast regularlyHealthy diet=increasedChapman et al. (2005)One year multi-component interventionUK. daytime centre.Input group 38 adults (97% overweight/obese)Nor input group 50 adults(64% overweight/obese)Input group=significant weight lossNon input group=Non significant weight lossMann et al. (2006)9 week health promotion program.US.Independent and supported living settings.192 adults (mild to moderate ID) all overweight/obese exceedingly significant decrease in BMIMarshall et al. (2003)6 to 8 week health promotion intervention promoting weight loss. Modifies Active materials including information on exercise and healthy eating.UKDay centres.25 adults with ID(17 overweight/obese)Weight reduced significant Podgorski et al. (2004)12 week physical natural action intervention promoting weight loss. Follow-up of one year.US.Day Centre.15 older adults (40 80+) (mild to severe ID) 10 overweight/obesePhysical fitness scores improvedRimmer et al. (2004)12 week physical activity intervention promoting weight loss. Fitness program of 3 sessions a week lasting 45 minutes.US.Supported living settings and Group homes.52 adults with Down Syndrome (69% overweight/obese)Small but not statistically significant weight reductionSailer et al. (2006)10 week weight loss programUS.Human function centre.6 adults (mild to moderate ID all obese).Moderate weight reductionWu et al. (2010)6 months physical activity intervention promoting weight loss. Fitness program of daily 45 minutes sessions.Taiwan.Disability Institution.146 adults with ID(47.9% overweight/obese).Decreases in individuals weightThe types of intervention of the studies varied from a range of categories. Some studies focused on nutrition (Sai ler et al., 2006), physical activity (Rimmer etal., 2004 Chapman et al., 2005 Wu et al., 2010) and in the main health promotion intervention (Aronow and Hahn, 2005 Marshall et al., 2006). A study included the use of behavioural relapse prevention strategies (Mann etal. 2006). Another used mainly behavioural approaches and concentrated on teaching self-control techniques and self-monitoring of food intake (Sailer etal. 2006). The majority included educational programmes planned to increase understanding of the significance of having and tutelage a healthy lifestyle. To obtain improved understanding, some of the studies involved activities that were intended to improve participants life skills. These studies included, for example, visits to supermarkets, food preparation and food-tasting sessions (Bradley, 2005), and health fairs and a Shop, Cook and wash up initiative (Chapman et al., 2005).*The types of interventions were a large combination and examples of different intervention s tackling obesity. A variety of professionals apart from the researchers were involved in the process and delivery of the interventions.The BMI was the most common outcome used in the studies to diagnose obesity and outcomes. Even though two researches (Podgorski et al.,2004 Sailer et al., 2006) used as measurement the total body weight. Waist measurement (Bradley,2005), cardiovascularResults of studies with weight reducement