The Impact Of The Enlightenment On The Colonies :: American History

The intellectual current known as the Enlightenment profoundly affected the learned clergymen who headed colonial colleges and their students. Around 1650, some European thinkers began to break down nature in order to determine the laws governing the universe. They employed experimentation and abstract reasoning to discover general principles behind phenomena such as the motions of planets and stars, the behavior of f every last(predicate)ing objects, and the characteristics of light and sound. Above, all Enlightenment philosophers emphasized acquiring knowledge through reason, taking particular delight challenging antecedently unquestioned assumptions. John Lockes Essay Concerning Human Understanding disputed the idea that human beings are born already imprinted with innate ideas. All knowledge, locke asserted, derives mould ones observations of the external world. Belief in witchcraft and astrology, among different similar phenomena, therefrom came under attack. The Enlightenment had an enormous impact on educated, well to do people in Europe and America. It supplied them with a common vocabulary and a unified view of the world, one that insisted that the enlightened 18th century was better, and wiser, than all previous ages. It joined them in a common endeavor, the effort to postulate sense of Gods orderly creation. Thus American naturalists like John and William Bartram supplied European scientists with information slightly New World plants and animals so that they could be include in newly formulated universal classification systems. Americans interested in astronomy took part in an international effort to learn about the solar system by studying a rare occurrence, the track of Venus across the face of the sun in 1769. An example of the Americans appointment in the Enlightenment was Benjamin Franklin, who retired from a successful printing business enterprise himself to scientific experimentation and public service. His experiment s and observation on electricity established the terminology and basic theory of electricity still used today. The experimentation encouraged by the Enlightenment affected the lives of ordinary Americans most dramatically through advances in medicine specifically, the control of small lues. The Reverend Cotton Mather, the large Puritan cleric, learned from his African born slave about the benefits of vaccination (deliberately infecting a person with a mild case of a disease) as a protects against smallpox. When Boston in 1720-1721 suffered a major small pox epidemic, Mather urged the adoption of inoculation despite fierce opposition from the cities leading physician. fatality rate rates eventually supported Mather- of those inoculated, just 3 percent died of other 15 percent.