Black people Essay Example for Free

Black people Essay Race and racial issues are all around us. Nobody can sneak behind a curtain, or tuck themselves away in a dark room to avoid this; there isn’t a way to escape racism. Our day to day lives are filled with stereotypes and overgeneralizations that make us think and judge the wrong way. We weren’t born into a race or into a category, but rather into a large melting pot. As Tim Wise said, majority of cops when asked â€Å"What would you assume about a Black or Latino male who lives in a shady neighborhood and has a nice, new car? † would respond â€Å"those men are more than likely drug dealers† just because of their race, when in fact, when compared to Black and Latino males, White males are four times more likely to be in possession of drugs at the time of an arrest. Our founders did not want this to be the case. Abraham Lincoln fought to end slavery and abolish the inequality between Human Beings, not guide us in to thinking the color of our skin shapes us and the opinions we create for others based on their â€Å"race†. Can you believe that ninety-four percent of White Americans believe that racial problems are a small issue like not being able to find the match to your shoe, whereas the other six percent are fully aware that this is a huge controversial issue? Those people who believe racism has dwindled down that much need to have an eye opener. Majority of â€Å"White Americans† are the ones who stereotype and categorize those of a different skin color. It is us â€Å"White Americans† who benefit from being the main race, and having the â€Å"White privilege†. More people need to go to a Black neighborhood and talk to those who see racism every day because in the area that about half of us live, racism is small compared to a large city. White privilege might have begun around the same time slavery had. White people, being the majority, saw the â€Å"new race† as an opportunity to become supreme ruler over something, to have large groups of people work for them. The African American community thought differently, and tried running away. Infuriated, the Whites began on a whole new level believing anyone who ran away from the plantation was sick. Slavery in general, helped create white privilege and stereotype all African Americans into the working type, and now the druggies. All these past experiences have made it harder for African Americans to strive in our society. In previous decades, they deliberately separated White and Black neighborhoods, and when a Black moved into a White neighborhood, the houses value and the neighborhoods value decreased just because the people who moved there were of a different color. It is absolutely ridiculous that racism is still around about just as much as it was seven years ago. Anybody with logical thinking would believe that it would have dwindled down to something less severe. Unfortunately, several towns are still divided and segregated because of race and skin color. I hope I get to see every race and skin color come together and work together fully, across the nation before I’m fifty, that’s thirty three years from now.

Autism spectrum disorder

Autism spectrum disorder Autism spectrum disorder Introduction Autism is an overall term which is used to describe a group of complicated brain developmental disorder which is also called pervasive developmental disorder. There are other pervasive developmental disorders which include pervasive developmental disorder which is not yet specified, Asperngers syndrome, Rett syndrome, and childhood disintegrative disorder. This group of disorders is collectively referred to as Autism spectrum disorders (Morgan, Jones Jordan, 2001). Prevalence rate The prevalence rate of the disorder is estimated to be about 0.7% among children making it more prevalent than child cancer, juvenile diabetes, and pediatric AIDS. It is reported that around 1.5 millions of persons living in the United States and other numerous millions of people around the world are suffering from autism. The United States government figures show that the prevalence of autism among its population has been rising every year. The reason for the increase has not been found, but improved diagnosis and environmental influence are considered to be the cause for the increased awareness. Male children have been reported to be more prone to the disorder as compared to the female children and are diagnosed with the condition quite frequently. In the United States it is estimated that around 1% of the boys are diagnosed with the disorder (Ehlers Gillberg, 1993) Symptoms Every individual who is diagnosed with autism has unique signs which cannot be compared to that observed in another individual. This is so because autism is a combination of disorders, one persons condition can be very severe with the other person having a slight one. The commonly observed signs in individuals with autism include seizure disorders, gastrointestinal problems, mental retardation and illness. Explanations for the existence of these problems in individuals having autism are not known. It is possible to state that these additional conditions observed is evidence of various forms of autism with each being caused by different factors (Haley, 2006). Although the conditions listed above are quite commonly observed in individuals having autism as compared to those people who do not have autism, they are not observed in everybody suffering from autism. The other symptoms observed include social and communication symptoms, sensory and motor symptoms, and personality differences (Rudy, 2009).Autistic spectrum disorders have a common social interactions, communication, and imagination which are linked to stiff, continual prototype of manners. It usually begins at birth or at the fist three years of life, but can also start later on during the childs life. The triad of symptoms can be noticed at all levels of intelligence and can be observed alone or accompanied with some other physical or even psychological disorder (Editorials. 2009) Causes The main cause of autism is not yet established with the researchers citing the main cause being idiopathic. Since the disorder has varying severity and the clinical signs associated with it, it is suggested that the condition has various causes (Novella, 2008). Researchers suspect a cocktail of factors which might be considered to cause autism and they include multiple genetic components which might cause autism alone or when combined with other environmental factors which are not yet determined (Wing Gould, 1979) The time at which the child might have got exposed to these factors is also significant, for example, before birth, during birth or even after the child is already born. Very few cases of autism can be associated with genetic disorders like Fragile X, Tuberous Sclerosis, and Angelmans syndrome. Exposure to environmental factors which are infectious like maternal rubella or cytomegalovirus, or chemicals like thalidomide or valporate at the time of pregnancy (Ehlers Gillberg, 1993) There is an increasing interest among researchers on the function of immune system in the control of autism. There have been suggestions that autism may involve inflammation in the central nervous tissues (Wing Potter, 2008). Animal studies have also produced evidence on how the immune system of the body can influence symptoms which are linked to autism. There have been organized autism talks which aim at increasing the level of awareness and also investigations of useful immunological facts to researchers who are not in that field and those within the field of autism at the community level (Haley, 2006). Previously, autism was believed to be caused by bad parenting as was proposed by Dr. Leo Kanner in 1943. Because the definitive causes of autism is not yet established, it has become clear that bad parenting is not one of the possible causes of the disorder. Dr. Bernard Rimland who founded the Autism Society of America and the Autism Research Institute enabled the medical community to appreciate that autism does not come about as a result of cold parents but from biological origin (Mauro, 2009) Reasons for the recent awareness According to the professionals in the field of child development in Britain, there has been increase in the number of children diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorders. Dr. Kanner was the first person to characterize autism when he described it as a condition in a certain group of children with a strange pattern of behavior noticed after birth or before attaining the age of 30 months. He later referred to the condition as early infantile autism (Editorials. 2009) Many clinicians have a feeling that there has been an increase in the number cases of autism as compared to the past. Some current studies have showed high prevalence rates for autism. According to California health and human services agency report between the years 1987 to 1998, a period in which the research was done, there was rise in the number of individuals diagnosed with the disorder (Morgan, Jones Jordan 2001). Conclusion can therefore be made that the increase in the number of individuals reported with autistic spectrum disorders can be attributed to changes in referral patterns and in the methods of diagnosis, and the much knowledge of the different manifestations of the autistic conduct (Ownby, 2008).There might also be changes in the prevalence rates either locally and internationally with the cause not being known. Failure to carry out properly resourced prevalence studies, the condition of the disorder is likely to remain bleak (Mauro, 2009) Conclusion The evidence for the increase in the autistic spectrum is not yet clear because various researches has showed conflicting figures relating to the prevalence of the disorder. The condition still requires a lot of research work to shed light in its causes, prevalence rates and its management. References : Editorials (2009). Autistic spectrum disorders. Retrieved on 15th December, 2009 from: http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/312/7027/327 Ehlers, S. Gillberg, C. (1993). The epidemiology of Asperger syndrome: a total population Study,Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 34 (8), pp. 1327-1350. Haley, B. (2006). Vaccines and the changing epidemiology of autism. Child Care Health Dev. Retrieved on 15th December, 2009 from: http://www.whale.to/a/autism_diagnosis.html Mauro, T. (2009). Autism Spectrum Disorders. Retrieved on 15th December, 2009 from: http://specialchildren.about.com/od/gettingadiagnosis/g/Autism.htm Morgan, H., Jones, H. Jordan R. (2001). A Guide to Services for Adults with Autistic Spectrum Disorders for Commissioners and Providers. Retrieved on 15th December, 2009 from: http://autism.bibliomaker.ch/BM_DIRECTORY/H/BM000001710/7723/JOR3.pdf` Novella, S. (2008). The Increase in Autism Diagnoses: Two Hypotheses. Retrieved on 15th December, 2009 from:http://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/?p=95 Rudy, L. J. (2009). A Definition of Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorders. Retrieved on 15th December, 2009 from:http://autism.about.com/od/autismterms/f/defautism.htm Ownby, M. H. (2008). Raising Autism Awareness. Retrieved on 15th December, 2009 from: http://autismaspergerssyndrome.suite101.com/article.cfm/raising_autism_awareness Wing, L. Potter, D. (2008). Notes on the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders. Retrieved on 15th December, 2009 from: http://www.nas.org.uk/nas/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=364a=2618 Wing, L. Gould, J. (1979). Severe impairments of social interaction: and associated abnormalities in children: epidemiology and classification Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 9 (1), pp. 11-29.

Essay --

ationship of the Structure 0f Biomolecules to their Functions in Living Organisms Living organisms are highly ordered and have the ability to grow, develop and reproduce, complex organisms including humans rely on cooperation between organs, tissues, cells and molecules to exist (Bailey, 2014). Complex living organisms such as mammals are made of up cells, which develop into tissues, organs and finally the organ systems. All living organisms are made up of cells, organisms can be unicellular or multicellular. The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function of all living organisms, it is the foundation on which living organisms are erected. There are two main type of cells; the prokaryotic cell and the eukaryotic cell. The prokaryotic cell lacks a true nucleus while the eukaryotic cell has a true nucleus. The cell consists of a protoplasm bounded by a membrane which comprises of four main biomolecules which are; carbohydrates, p roteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Each of these biomolecules has its own group of smaller molecules classified under them whose structures also take part in chemical reaction. Carbohydrates are the primary sources of energy to the cell, lipids provide structural support to the cell membrane, proteins functions mainly as enzymes and the nucleic acids stores and carriers genetic information. This essay will discuss how the structure of molecules can enable them to function in different organisations of life. Monosaccharide are single molecules sugar that form the basic units of carbohydr... ...the recipe to the ribosome in the cytoplasm. In the translation stage, the mRNA is decoded to produce a definite amino acid chain or a polypeptide which will then form into an active protein. Each codon codes for a specific amino acid, the structure of codons allow different amino acids to be coded for because of their diverse sequences that they can be establish. To sum up, all biological molecules play very important roles both at the cell level and system level in organisms. However, some of these molecules are more important than the other in the sense that they can take part in almost all the metabolic reactions in living organisms at all levels of life. For example, proteins take part in most metabolic and anabolic reactions in organism, it also takes part in protein synthesis which involves nucleic acids and they are also present in the phospholipid bilayer.

Global Poisoning System Essay -- Technology

Abstract: This paper focuses on modeling the errors which normally degrade the accuracy of Global Poisoning System (GPS). The performance of the GPS is mainly affected by ionospheric errors. SiRF Star III single frequency receiver is used for collecting and projecting datum in World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS-84) co-ordinate form. To project the ellipsoidal model onto a map model, datum conversion from WGS-84 to Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) form is needed. The conversion introduces errors in the datum. The variation in the errors can be observed from day to night, area to area and also due to the seasonal changes. The datum is collected from Ameerpet region of Hyderabad, which is a heavily populated area with heavy traffic and tall buildings. The variation in the datum has been observed from afternoon to evening. Keywords: GPS, WGS-84, UTM, Ionospheric errors, Northings and Eastings I. INTRODUCTION The space-based global navigation satellite system that provides reliable location and time information in all weather and at all times and anywhere on or near the Earth with sub-meter accuracy is called Global Positioning System (GPS) [1]. It consists of a constellation of 28 satellites in six different orbits which give the information of the position of the user with sub meter accuracy [3]. If there are four or more GPS satellites in unobstructed line of sight with the receiver, accurate spatial co-ordinates can be obtained [2]. The datum obtained from the satellites, contain the information about the position and timing by calculating the the Keplerian orbit elements. The location information from GPS is based on the choice of coordinate system and datum [3]. The coordinate systems that are mostly used in GPS are Wor... ...ned due to the rounding up of the values in the algorithm. Works Cited [1] Bradford w. Parkinson. â€Å"Global Positioning System: Theory and Applications – vol. I and II†, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Washington, 1996. [2] http://edu-observatory.org/gps/gps_accuracy.html, visited on 1/12/10. [3] http://www. elsevierdirect.com/companions/ 9780126836301/ appendices/ Chapter_2_ECI_ Cartesian_Coordinates_to_Kepler_Orbit_Elements_Conversion.pdf [4] http://www.squidoo.com/GPS-coordinate-systems-datums [5] Iyiade Adeniyi, â€Å"Ionospheric Error in GPS Applications† (www.ursi.org/proceedings /procGA05/pdf/GP1. 46(01062).pdf), visited on 30/10/10. [6] Ordnance Survey, â€Å"A Guide to Coordinate System in Great Britain†, (http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/gps/docs/A_Guide_to_Coordinate_Systems_in_Great_Britain.pdf), visited on05/01/11.

Reward systems Essay -- essays research papers

CHAPTER 3 Reward systems RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  INTRODUCTION The aim of this chapter is to explain, justify and account for the research methodology that has been selected in this study. In conducting the investigation, the researcher intends to proceed from a quantitative-descriptive design. A number of issues related to the research methodology will be extensively discussed below. 3.2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  METHODICAL ACCOUNT (RESEARCH:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   QUANTITATIVE-DESCRIPTIVE) Thyer as cited by De Vos and Fouchà © (1998: 77), defines a research design as a â€Å"blueprint or detailed plan for how a research study is to be conducted – operationalizing variables so they can be measured, selecting a sample of interest to study; collecting data to be used as a basis for testing hypotheses, and analyzing the results.† Hussey and Hussey (1997: 54), also point out that research methodology refers to the overall approach evident in the research process from the theoretical foundation to the strategies that are used in the collection and analysis of the data. So research methodology can be said to indicate the answers to questions as to how research should be designed, structured, approached and executed. In this study, the researcher has opted to conduct his investigation through the quantitative-descriptive paradigm. A randomised cross-sectional survey design will be used to investigate attitudes of employees with regard to reward systems. According to De Vos and Fouchà © (1998: 127), the randomized cross-sectional design is written as follows:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  R O1 Where, R = randomized selected subjects   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  O1 = administration of the questionnaire It is through the relevant and appropriate quantitative research paradigm that the researcher hopes to conduct a controlled, purposive, accurate, systematic, and scientific research on the impact of reward systems on employee attitudes. The researcher also hopes that the quantitative research approach would enable him to arrive at findings that would have greater validity and less artificiality as a process of measuring the impact of rewards on employee attitudes. 3.3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  RESEA... ... caring professions. Pretoria: J.L. van Schaik. Du Plooy, J.L., Griesel, G.A., and Oberholzer, M.O. (1993). Fundamental pedagogics for advanced students. 4th Edition. Pretoria:Haum. Greengard, S. (2004). Employee surveys: ask the right questions, probe the answers for insight. Workforce management [online], December, 2004, pp76 – 78. Available from: http://www. Workforce.com.html [Accessed 15 April 2005]. Hussey, J and Hussey, R, (1997). Business research: a practical guide for undergraduate and postgraduate students. London:Macamillan Locke, L.F., Spirduso, W.W., and Silverman, S.J. (1993). Proposals that work: a guide for planning dissertations and grant proposals. 3rdEdition. London: Sage Publications. Mancosa. (2003). Research methodology. Study guide diploma in management studies. Durban. Schurink, E.M. (1998). The methodology of unstructured face-to-face interviewing. In De Vos, A.S. (ed.) (1998). Research at grass roots: a primer for the caring professions. Pretoria: J.L. van Schaik. Strydom, H. De Vos, A.S. (1998). Sampling and sampling methods. In De Vos, A.S. (ed.) (1998). Research at grass roots: a primer for the caring professions. Pretoria: J.L. van Schaik.

Insufficient Amount Of Insulin Health And Social Care Essay

Type-1 diabetes occurs when the organic structure produces an deficient sum of insulin. It is besides known as juvenile diabetes or early-onset diabetes because it normally develops before the age of 40. Type-1 diabetes is less common than type-2 diabetes, which occurs when the organic structure producesA excessively small insulin or when the cells in the organic structure do non respond decently to insulin. Peoples with type-1 diabetes make up merely 10 % of all people with diabetes, of which there are 2.9million in the UK. The symptoms of holding type-1 diabetes are increased thirst and frequent micturition, Extreme hungriness, Weight loss, Fatigue, and blurred vision. If left untreated type-1 diabetes can take to decease. This human death can be due to several grounds ; people with diabetes have a higher than mean hazard of holding a bosom onslaught or Stroke. Peoples who are unfortunate plenty to endure from either signifier of diabetes are more than twice every bit likely as peo ple without diabetes to endure a shot or bosom onslaught. Harmonizing to ( diabetes.org ) two out of three people with diabetes die from bosom disease or shot besides called cardiovascular disease. There is besides a hazard of a diabetic coma which is frequently fatal. No affair the cause, every bit shortly as the islet cells have been destroyed, sick persons of type 1 diabetes will bring forth small to no insulin, if this happened in a healthy individual the liver would change over stored animal starch back into glucose maintaining the individual ‘s blood glucose degree within a healthy scope. In a type 1 sick person the latter would non happen as there would be no insulin in their organic structure to assist glucose into the cells, because of this the sugar would construct up in the blood stream ( alternatively of being transported into the cells ) where it could do major harm if non decease.What is insulin?Insulin is a endocrine that comes from the pancreas and helps glucose enter the cells ( to supply energy ) without insulin glucose can non come in the cells and so blood glucose degrees can be low ( hypoglycemia ) if this happens a individual can experience an array of side effects and even travel into a diabetic coma hypertext transfer protocol: //urbanext.illinois.edu/diabetes2/illustrations/glucose_insulin1.jpgPrevalence of diabetes in the UK 2011Prevalence of diabetes in the UK 2006The two above tabular arraies shows merely how huge the addition has been in the sum of people enduring from diabetes, nevertheless the study that I found these tabular arraies from said that they found that the per centum of sick persons with type-1 stayed reasonably changeless and that it was type-2 that had showed the big addition.Insulin pump therapyhypertext transfer protocol: //docnews.diabetesjournals.org/content/1/1/15/F7.medium.gif Insulin pump therapy is non a remedy to either signifiers of diabetes, nevertheless it is the most efficient, effectual and good intervention for sick persons at this clip and because of this is the chief solution I have chosen for my coursework. I chose to concentrate on the company Medtronic as their work with insulin pumps is shown to be to a great extent favoured by many independent sites and by persons posting on the web site. I have chosen non to compose about any possible remedies, due to the fact that at this clip there are no definite cures merely ‘possible ‘ remedies.How does the Medtronic MiniMed Paradigm Veo pump work?The Veo insulin pump differentiates its ego from the many other types of insulin pump due to its new and alone characteristics, most pumps merely supplies certain sums of insulin at regular intervals throughout the twenty-four hours, and are frequently able to be programmed to infix more insulin around repast times when there is the largest sum o f glucose come ining the organic structure. The Veo pump nevertheless has an array of advanced characteristics that improve the wellness both at the clip and in the hereafter. These characteristics include: A uninterrupted glucose proctor that automatically detects how low the sick persons blood glucose degrees are A low blood glucose degree response system ( LGS ) that can react to the above state of affairs by curtailing or halting the sum of insulin released so as to raise the blood glucose degrees An ability to record and proctor blood glucose degrees all twenty-four hours every twenty-four hours Show the user their blood glucose degrees The system warns the user when their glucose degrees stray towards unsafe degrees Most pumps including the Medtronic work on a repast by meal footing with little sums of insulin being injected in between these periods, this is shown on the graph belowhttp: //dtc.ucsf.edu/images/graphs/graph_pump_regimen.gifConsequenceshypertext transfer protocol: //www.medtronicdiabetes.ca/en/images/fingersticks.jpg The above graph shows the difference between the mean insulin pump which uses fingersticks to demo a few points in the rhythm of high and low blood sugar degrees, whereas the Veo uses CGM ( uninterrupted glucose supervising ) to demo all the points where the user is above, below or within their mark zone, the web site describes the differences â€Å" fingersticks being a few scenes, with CGM being the full film † Below are three graphs that compare glycaemic control and insulin dose in people with type 1 diabetes treated by insulin extract pump therapy or optimized insulin injections. The graphs compare three different factors Blood Glucose Level = ability to maintain blood glucose degrees healthy Glycated Haemoglobin = ability to maintain sum of glycated hemoglobin at a healthy degree, e.g. non to high Insulin dose = the positive consequence of holding insulin infused by either insulin pump or through injection Blood glucose control The graph below shows that glycaemic control was better during pump intervention than in injection therapy. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bmj.com/highwire/filestream/408723/field_highwire_fragment_image_m/0/F1.medium.gifGlycated hemoglobinThe graph below shows that the per centum of glycated hemoglobin was lower during pump therapyhttp: //www.bmj.com/highwire/filestream/408741/field_highwire_fragment_image_m/0/F2.medium.gif Insulin dose hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bmj.com/highwire/filestream/408755/field_highwire_fragment_image_m/0/F3.medium.gifCogency of consequencesIt is likely that the consequences are dependable, as the consequences were taken from a big figure of indifferent beginnings. The consequences were taken under the undermentioned conditions: 301 people with type 1 diabetes allocated to insulin extract and 299 allocated to insulin injections for between 2.5 and 24 months. To happen information that met the standards, the researches searched through Medline ( 1975 to 2000 ) and Embase ( 1980-2000 ) for documents on different insulin infixing systems. In the terminal they merely selected surveies that were randomized controlled tests of pump therapy compared with optimized insulin injection. Data was so extracted from text, tabular arraies, and graphs. This information was so assessed and reviewed by two independent individuals ; they assessed glycaemic control with each method as average blood glucose concentration and per centum of Glycated hemoglobin. They so took note of the entire day-to-day insulin dosage on the two governments. Equally good as this the type of pump, the type of insulin, and the insulin injection regimen were recorded. Beginnings of heterogeneousness ( the quality of being diverse and non comparable in sort ) were assessed with a random effects arrested development analysis with age, continuance of diabetes and intervention, and twelvemonth of survey being the independent variables. They tested their hypothesis by ciphering the ratio of the minimal discrepancy weighted geometric agencies of the SDs of blood glucose concentrations on the two regimens. This reinforces that the consequences are likely to be valid due to the huge figure of groups that underwent the experiment and the conditions under which the consequences were taken.Deductions of solutionAdvantagesThe intervention has shown to straight lower and even extinguish the opportunities of acquiring hypoglycemia due to the LGS characteristic Allows the user to drive and execute hazard filled undertakings with comfort cognizing that they will be warned if they have a low Blood Sugar degree Ensures the user that they can execute strenuous undertakings such every bit exercising as they will cognize if they are at hazard of fainting or holding low energy degreesDisadvantagesWhile the insulin pump is a antic intervention, it is non a remedy and so requires care This intervention can be rather expensive in states such as America that do non supply a national insurance, unless said sick person attains fundingEconomic and ethical effectsEthically there are n't truly any complications with this intervention, unless you have spiritual expostulations which do non let you to accept it. Economically this intervention provides many occupations to the industries of the pump and the manufacturers of the insulin Unless you live in a state where there is a national insurance, this intervention can be highly expensive so means some people have to utilize more basic interventionsAlternate TreatmentsNanotechnologyâ€Å" Another possible remedy may one twenty-four hours come from the microscopic, Nano technological spectrum. In this case, bantam insulin implants could meter out insulin to blood glucose degrees as and when it is required. This type of remedy is theoretically possible, and several scientists are working towards this hereafter. However as with other signifiers of possible diabetes cure this remains merely a distant potency † Bantam capsules can be implanted into the organic structure to make an unreal pancreas. When blood sugar flows inside the capsule, it stimulates the cells to bring forth insulin to command sugar degrees. The device has nano pores, pores so little that the organic structure ‘s antibodies can non acquire in to assail the cells, but big plenty that the insulin can flux out and into the organic structure. If nanotechnology can go cost effectual it is a feasible solution to diabetes. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.autokinematics.com/resource/nanotech-1.jpgBring arounding Diabetes with Our Own Stem Cells!In October 2011 scientists at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology in Tsukuba Science City, Japan stated that they had found a possible remedy to diabetes. The extracted nervous root cells from rats via the olfactory organ were turned into pancreatic cells that can fabricate insulin to handle diabetes.http: //t0.gstatic.com/images? q=tbn: ANd9GcQ-Z8c26wx5B0PQflux1yHgFHlngRkkpHt7qBb7lecGzlLvIrxRSg First, they extracted a bantam sum of tissue from the portion of the encephalon which deals with odor through the rhinal pit, they so extracted nervous root cells an exposed them to a human protein that switches on insulin production every bit good as an antibody that blocks the natural inhibitor of insulin production. After two hebdomads the scientists placed the cells on thin sheets of collagen ( which acted as a scaffold ) leting them to put the sheets on top of the rats ‘ pancreas without damaging the organ. Within a hebdomad the concentrations of insulin in the blood of the rats that received the intervention matched those in the non-diabetic rats. This intervention had a 100 % success rate in all rats due to the 0 % rejections as the cells were their ain. The cells successfully tackled diabetes for 19 hebdomads until research workers halted the intervention by taking the sheets of cells, after which the rats ‘ diabetes returned.

Facebook Versus Friendster and Myspace

Stealing Success & Leaving the Unsuccessful Behind: Facebook Facebook, one of the most successful social networking sites up to date, has 500,000,000-users. Facebook found phenomenal success through the mistakes and downfall of fellow competitors, Friendster and MySpace. However, was Facebook’s success due to the downfall of its predecessors? In this paper, we will discuss what makes a social networking website successful, and reveal what Facebook did and what other social networking websites such as Friendster and MySpace, did not do.There are certain properties that will be highlighted later on in the paper that will distinguish the successful social networking websites such as Facebook from the unsuccessful, such as Friendster and MySpace. Social networking websites have five main characteristics. First, social networking websites are user-based where they are built and directed by users themselves. Second, social networking websites are interactive, meaning that they are n ot just a collection of chat rooms and forums anymore. Such websites are filled with network-based gaming applications, allowing individuals to play with one another online.Third, social networking websites are community-driven allowing members to join a group where they all hold common beliefs or hobbies. People are able to find sub-communities of people who share commonalities, such as alumni of a particular high school, or part of a charity organization, or who are just interested in the same things. Fourth, unlike other websites, social networks thrive on relationships. It allows people to build connections, links to one another and allows people to establish themselves toward the center of a network.These websites are also another way for individuals to discover new friends, but it also allows them to reconnect with old friends lost along the way, allowing them access to possible friendships out there. The last characteristic of social networks is the emotional factor. While we bsites are usually designed with the primary function of providing information to the visitor, social networks â€Å"provide users with emotional security and a sense that no matter what happens, their friends are within reach. †To start off, let’s beg the question of what exactly went wrong with Friendster? There isn’t a single reason that explains why Friendster failed, but merely actions Friendster did not take to secure their position as the number one social networking website. First, the more popular Friendster became, the longer it took to load the webpage, sometimes taking as long as 40 seconds. Such technical problems were not issues that could not be solved; however, they felt that such â€Å"technical difficulties proved too pedestrian† for them.Instead of spending hours fixing such problems, the team of Friendster devoted most of its time talking about future investors, potential competitors and new features that would give Friendster a distin ct look. They focused more on the future or rather than the problems of the present; they wanted to run before they could even walk. Secondly, Friendster was a closed system that allowed users to only view the profiles of those on a relatively short chain of acquaintances.As a dating website, it was imperative to be able to find people whom may be suitable for you, but if the viewing of their profile was limited, then the possibility of finding a possible date would be much lower than if Friendster took on a open system approach. As mentioned, most of the problems Friendster faced were technical, but it was their decision to only focus on the next big thing, rather than the simple mechanics that made Friendster possible in the first place.If the team had solved these minor problems, Friendster today could still be a leading social networking website, and possibly have prevented MySpace and/or Facebook from emerging. On these accounts, Friendster is an example of an unsuccessful soci al networking website. Next, MySpace saw phenomenal traffics growth starting in early 2004 and it continued all the way to 2007 even as Facebook entered the scene, but what happened along the way? Similar to Friendster, MySpace faced several technical problems.Firstly, MySpace pages are designed mostly by individuals with little HTML experience causing HTML code to be rarely met leading to accessibility problems for users and freezing up web browsers. Secondly, security is another major problems. There are advertisements that provide links to fake login screens tricking users into entering their information, allowing people access to their page. Another security issue would be of our personal information. There is no privacy setting; therefore f anyone wants to know more about an individual, there are no restrictions on the amount of information they could attain on the individual via MySpace. Lastly, MySpace lost to Facebook simply because there is no sense of privacy with MySpace. MySpace took an opposite approach from Friendster, allowing everyone and anyone to see their profile. Any individual keen on viewing a certain page would be given access whether or not the owner approved or not, rendering owners of MySpace account vulnerable to outside criticism and viewing.The open system caused a lot of security and personal issues creating stalking incidents, violent fights, and gate crashing of parties. These problems were due to the fact that anyone had access to people’s MySpace page, and nothing could be done to prevent limited viewership. Unlike Friendster, MySpace was able to see more success, however, that success was short-lived. And similarly to Friendster, MySpace did not respond to requests to fix their problems, causing them to fall into the category of an unsuccessful social networking website.First Friendster, second MySpace, and lastly Facebook? What makes Facebook a fad, and why has it survived longer than its predecessors? A normal routin e for a majority of the population would be, wake up, check facebook, go to school/work, check facebook again, do work/listen to lecture while checking facebook, and then go home and check facebook once again. On average, it’s been found that people check their Facebook an average of 4 to 5 times a day. There are many reasons why Facebook is so successful, and why Friendster and MySpace failed to see the kind of success Facebook is seeing today.In the next part of the paper, we will see how Facebook overcame the problems Friendster and MySpace encountered, turning what could have been unsuccessful into something immensely successful. As mentioned previously, Friendster and Myspace encountered issues such as technical problems such as the webpage taking up to 40 seconds to load or where it would sometime just fail to load altogether, and additionally, that Friendster was a closed system. Facebook knew these reasons and made sure these were not to be problems.Mark Zuckerberg st ates, â€Å"if the website is even down for a few minutes, people will leave. † As such, till this day, users around the world have not seen Facebook down. Admittedly, there still are a few small technical problems, but users never had to wait more than 10 seconds for a page to load, and if there were problems, they were fixed shortly after. Having downtime would mean that the rate of infection for social networking sites would decrease causing less people to firstly know about the website, and secondly, to be able to spread the ‘infection’ even further.This was a problem that caused the rapid reduction usage rate for Friendster because not only did the rate of infection die down, but also people just simply got annoyed causing the susceptibility of new individuals rather low. Therefore, Facebook made sure there was no downtime and in doing so not only made the rate of infection high, but satisfied million users worldwide causing many to be susceptible to the ide a of being part of the new fad, Facebook. Next, Facebook did not enforce a closed or open system policy.Instead, they allowed users to choose whether they wanted their page visible to people, and allowed users to adjust their security settings. It gave people an option to reveal as much or as little information about themselves, and allowed people to choose who to allow access to their information. This system not only solved Friendster’s closed system, but at the same time, MySpace’s open system and privacy problems. Security was never a real issue for Facebook until they started allowing more applications to be a part of the system.Inevitably, people created software that stole users’ sensitive information. However, shortly after, Facebook reacted by introducing new technology to limit the security breach. Facebook developer Mike Vernal stated, â€Å"We take user privacy seriously. We are dedicated to protecting private user data. † Shortly after the in cident, Facebook rendered all applications that broke such security inactive. Lastly, as with all companies, talent is a major issue.We can talk about how user friendly, or how the technical bits are better in Facebook when compared to Friendster or MySpace, but the truth is that it all boils down to who is in charge. Facebook brought in better viral experts, more efficient programmers, stronger usability coders, more influential public relations teams and faster HR Personal. For instance, Facebook recruited Sheryl Sandberg, the head of sales at Google, Jonathan Helliger, the former engineering head at Walmart, for former CFO and VP of Genetech and Elliot Schrage, the former PR head at Google.After talking about the properties that made Facebook successful, I’d like to talk about the receptivity of Facebook and how it responded to the population because a population can only go crazy for a fad if people are receptive of it. First, we will look at Friendster and how the popula tion responded to it and what made Friendster successful at times. In 2002, Friendster was originally created as a dating website, four years later, Friendster was changed to cater to young teenagers. In 2006, Friendster became very popular in the Philippines because of their games and fun applications that were marketed.Along with that, Friendster started incorporating advertisements on their websites, but more importantly, advertisements that had to do with games. Second, MySpace became popular because it was a means to hear about what was happening to others, keep track of the whereabouts of friends and celebrities and to create and attend parties, all on one page. MySpace was not just a blog, but it was an area for friends to congregate and communicate with one another. Next we will see how Facebook made use of Friendster and MySpace’s strengths, turning it into their success.Facebook made use of the successes of both Friendster and MySpace, and combined everything that w as successful into one platform. Friendster and MySpace were both marketed differently to different kinds of people, and because of this, Facebook knew how to make people more receptive to this new social networking site. Facebook did not just want to target people who wanted to find new friends or dates, or people who wanted to communicate with friends and keep in contact, or simply play games- Facebook wanted it all.And that was exactly what Facebook did, ensuring that people who joined would get the benefits from both Friendster and MySpace altogether. In doing this, Facebook made their website more appealing to a larger population, allowing two things to happen. First, by increasing the number of things an individual can do on the website would make more people susceptible to wanting to be a part of it. Second, a larger population being susceptible would eventually mean a faster rate of infection causing more people to join and be a part of the increasing fad. Facebook was the n ew generation social etworking website that incorporated all the successful elements of its predecessors, and neglected all the unsuccessful elements. In conclusion, we have established that Facebook has attained a successful status due to its 500,000,000 users worldwide. Facebook is successful because of two main reasons. First, the failures of Friendster and MySpace gave Facebook an opening into the market and the opportunity to fix those mistakes caused by the two. Second, Facebook fed off the successes of both Friendster and MySpace, incorporating all the ideas into one website.Therefore, to be successful one must remember to firstly attend to the problems at hand, secondly, find out what makes things work, and lastly, make sure the population is receptive. With this, Facebook not only overtook its predecessors, but conquered their failures, and fed off their successes, becoming the number one social networking website of all time. Citations: Chung, J. (2010) How Facebook won th e battle of the social networks. Innoblog. 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