Humanistic Theory

Experiential and Humanistic Theory As a soul goes by dint of with(predicate) life and has ups and d takes, their ability to handle the stress varies from singular to person. At times, a person has difficulties maintaining alone the pressures of issues that sometimes feel to demonstrate into deep sensations of falling. Not knowing where to turn or where to go to unsex a cl spike heel view of what it is that may has them continuing to feel all of the world is against them. Many people rely on friends and family to get that ear to sort out their troubles.Calm down an agitated person, assisting a friend through a death of a family member, or something as simple as avoiding negative thoughts through distracting, these forms of lending a hand can be described as psychotherapy. Anton Meamer discovered the age-old wisdom in the eighteenth century, early nineteenth. Anton genuineized that when a person or single(a) suffers a variety of mental anguish or illness, when put in a hypnot ic trance, their symptoms disappeared. Many didnt understand the nature of what Anton was doing and dismissed a lot of his work.Later, Sigmund Freud rediscovered the possible action and showed that the presence of caring, creation attentive, becoming a certain(p) listener assisted with their issues or situations. Allowed a person to focus on their experience through revisiting long forgotten traumatic events and assist with symptoms of the trauma. by means of observation, psychotherapy became a form of treatment and a new ultra form of therapy was born. As the tail end of psychology was organism laid out, the education of theories began to be discovered.Understanding demeanor and what may cause a person to compulsion to strive in life and last successful in parliamentary law opened the doors for theorist to develop a humanist theory. The potential of an several(prenominal) making a constituent to society and becoming a person who is like equal to(p) by peers, family, a nd friends led two theorist to develop the human-centred theory movement. Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers regarded an souls personal branch and feeling set up in life as basic human motive. Humanistic theory involves the development of an individual.The achievement of happiness is dependent upon the pass oningness of an individual to pursue their own deepest interests and desires. By an individual focusing on themselves, creating a strong whiz of self gives a person to feel positive most their contribution to society. Humanists theory looks at behavior not sole(prenominal) through the eyes of the observer, but through the eyes of the individual presenting the behavior. A goal of humanistic theory and therapy gives the customer the opportunity to deal with their behavior and situation in their own terms of real self and paragon self.With this idea, a nodes progress and direction in the therapy is ground from what they are and what they want. Achieving self-assertion in th erapy through this process allows the client to respect their own sense of what. Self-esteem will also strengthen the consciousness of self and not be something or someone they are not. As the foundation is being set, as the clients acceptance of real self write downs to emerge, their self-esteem becomes solid and their ken to eventually not strive for being someone or something theyre not creates a positive sense of self and their needs begin to be met.With the qualities of positive regard for self, having an unconditional awareness of self, creates an empathetic and genuine client and humanistic therapist relationship. employ the techniques of humanistic therapy allow therapist to assist the client in agreeing with the merging of their real self and the ideal self. No matter what the client reveals of them self in therapy, keeping a positive regard will keep the client in an accepting and warm environment. In the context of humanistic psychotherapy, the individual should exp ect the therapist to be accepting of whatever has been revealed.As this bond is established, the clients achievements towards self-actualization can be secured through the catch of the therapist creating a solid and functional use of the clients needs. The development of the pyramid of needs by Maslow in 1943 became the blue print used at once to identify the needs of individuals. Maslow believed that in the correct order, an individual can become self-actualized through a hierarchy of needs. Once an individual has met the basic physiological needs such(prenominal) as food, water, sex, sleeps etc. then they are able feel safety through the security of body, employment, morality, family health, etc. As the individuals moves up the hierarchy, feeling loved and belonged strengthens their self-esteem and r to each oneing self-actualization is achieved. Carl Rogers believed that in order for an individual to develop fully, in addition to Maslows hierarchy, their environment needs to be genuine, accepting, and have empathy. Rodgers felt that without the essential environment that is nourishing, development of healthy personalities and relationships will not have the opportunity to flourish fully.Rogers sojournd to expand on Maslows theory by going a little deeper. He felt that an individual operates from a unique frame of reference through building self-regard and self-concept. As an individual is identifying how to meet their basic needs, what about the experiences that are learned? David Kolb took a different access then yet viewing behavioral theories. Kolb developed the experiential learning theory that takes the approach on how experiences, including cognitions, environmental factors, and emotions influence the learning process.Kolb illustrated that experiences provide a great(p) deal of information that serves as the ground level for reflection. Through reflections, Kolb believes an individual forms an revoke concept. Kolb describes four stage cycle the ory of learning that creates a transformation of an experience. Concrete experience also known as Do, reflective observation also known as Observe, abstract conceptualization also known as Think, and active experimentation also known as Plan. One may begin at any stage, but must still follow each other in sequence.The first gear two stages are ways to dig out an experience and the last two are ways to transform an experience. The first stage, concrete experience is when the individual actively experiences in an activity such as a lab school term or field work. The plunk for stage, reflective observation is when an individual consciously reflects back on that experience. The trio stage, abstract conceptualization an individual attempts to conceptualize a theory or model of what is observed. The fourth stage, active experimentation is when an individual is trying to think how to test a model or theory or propose for a future experience.When speaking of individuals, this descri bes the learner. Both theories demonstrate an approach that helps an individual identify with their selves. Each approach taken may have a different model that is adhered to, however, each approach focuses on the experiences that an individual has had that straighten out up their psyche. Through understanding where an individual is at with their level of needs, the understanding of how they perceive and learn the information helps build a strong foundation when addressing the issues and situations of a person.As with any type of therapy, using techniques that is considered traditional in the reflection of a person-centered therapy, creating an environment where the clients is allowed to lead the conversation in a therapy session gives the client a sense of control. Feeling as if they are being heard, the relationship can begin to form and the therapist will continue to be aware of the different levels of theory that can present itself. Using the correct technique in a session will be sure that the clients subjective perspective isnt being missed and both client and therapist benefit from the potential growth that is uniquely inherent in them both.References Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential Learning Experience as the Source of Learning and Development. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall Inc. Retrieved January 26, 2013 Kolb, D. A. , Boyatzis, R. E. , & Mainemelis, C. (2000). Experiential Learning Theory introductory Research and New Directions. In Perspectives on cognitive, learning, and thinking styles. Retrieved January 26, 2013 McLeod, S. (2012). Humanism. In obviously Psychology. Retrieved January 26, 2013 Severin, F. T. (1973). Discovering man in psychology A humanistic approach. New York, NY McGraw-Hill. Retrieved January 26, 2013

World Literature Assignment

Suggestions for World Literature identification 2 sideline is a list of possible topics for your paper you are not moderate to these, but please get approval of a different or variant topic. fitting 2 A Comparative Study This grant consists of a comparative study ground on one being physical compositions workplace analyse in Part 1, Part 3 or Part 4 of the course, and one language A1 work chosen from any air division of the course. Unlike assignment 1, this assignment MUST non BE BASED ON TWO WL works. The world literary productions work chosen for this assignment must not be one antecedently employ for assignment 1.Assignment 2BImaginative or Creative Assignment This assignment consists of an imaginative or creative piece of writing. It may be based on a study of one world literature work, or on a combination of a world literature work and a language A1 work chosen from any commence of the course. The world literature work chosen can be a work studied in Part 1, Par t 3 or Part 4 of the syllabus but must not be one previously used for assignment 1. This assignment must be preceded by a disputation of intent that will be include in the total number of words.The statement of intent is an essential part of this type of assignment and allows candidates to make explicit their perception of an authors imagination, values and techniques. Here are some suggestions ?Comparison of critical approaches (such as Freudian and feminine) ? Interior monologue of a recognize timbre ? monologue ?Add or insert a scene in the play. ? tension on a minor character ?Compare minor characters in two works ?Comparison of attitudes in two works, such as acceptance of ones approaching death ? Recurring motifs in a work ?Commentary on authors pickax of title(s) ?Social criticism ?A further passage in the look of the author Letter from a character to author, protesting some aspect of the character/play ? An editorial defending the work to a censorship delegation This as signment allows candidates to ?demonstrate the skills of imaginative or creative writing ? pore on a particular literary aspect of interest and look this imaginatively and in a variety of ways ? show an preference of the cultural elements relevant to the selected aspect ? demonstrate both explicit (in the statement of intent) and implicit (in the creative piece) awareness of the imagination, techniques and values of the author(s) on whose works the assignments is based.Assignment 2C Detailed Study Assignment 2C consists of a detailed study based on an aspect of ONE WORLD LITERATURE work studied in Part 1, Part 3 or Part 4 of the syllabus. However, this must not be a work previously used for assignment 1. The assignment could take the form of a formal establish or a commentary or analysis of a key passage. This assignment allows candidates to ?demonstrate the skills of close reading and detailed analytical writing ? show an appreciation of the cultural elements relevant to the an alysis

Education and Poverty Essay

How College Admissions Favor slopped Students Over Underprivileged Minorities The growing debate e realplace whether college admissions ar partial(p) by overstressing convertible tests and GPA has become a rattling disputable topic in the realm of grooming. Numerous savants argue that the admission treat is unfair in placing a greater emphasis on authentic stressed requirements, such as the round/SAT, speckle neglecting to examine the entirely appli micklet. Those who argue against the admission policy believe that each pupil in the United States comes from a very diverse background, and each application should be aspected into with intricacy, rather than regarding scantily their requirements. Although those requirements atomic number 18 generally what the admission nation look for in what they perceive as a quality student, those who argue against it regain that it is best not to overlook a student who overcame tremendous adversity, plainly just may have needed a point or two to get admitted. The central argument against college admissions has to do with whether challenging bread and butter conditions outside of naturalize, for a student who is economically disadvantaged, should be burthen to a greater extent than the slightly higher(prenominal) grade of a student with a pellucid socioeconomic background in college admissions.In some cases, high school students must work intact-time in order to obtain their families. If a college had to choose between a student who did not need to give his or her family and got a 33 on his or her ACT, and another student with a 29 on their ACT who worked almost full-time to back off a family, which would be more than than c atomic number 18ly to get accepted into an ivy League college if both students had the same 4.0 GPA, classes, and amount of important clubs, etc.? odds are, the one with the higher ACT will get selected, and those who debate the bring out feel that this is where it become s inequitable. Students argue that workings over thirty hours per week while taking the same challenging classes classes come outs let on work ethic than a student who has an extra thirty hours a week to line of business. There are a variety of refugees and immigrators who fled their dental platelands because of jobs, famines, wars, or particular life threatening circumstances, with verylittle resources to bring with them. For this reason, it is very difficult for them to absorb the opportunities that well-settled students have. This includes private schooling, tutors, measurementized test practices, etc. This gives domestic affluent students a better fall out to succeed, due to better overall educational opportunities.The education at a private school is superior to that of a public school because of higher set standards and a very well disciplined system. In teaching method With Poverty In Mind, author Eric Jensen exemplifies a chart indicating that family income correlate s signifi cornerstonetly with childrens academic success (10). For poor students, a negative correlation is worn with absenteeism, the factor that most closely relates to dropout rate. For tests like the ACT and SAT, deprived minorities are at the disadvantage because English would be their second language. Some bet that most colleges overlook several variables that determine a students mental capacity. That is why some educators debate that their needs to be more of a holistic approach because sometimes, a certain factor can stunt a student success, when they may have the abilities to become the adjoining Einstein. The economic value of a particular place or education is how willing a family is to relocate to provide their children with higher education potentiality this can be measured by the pricing of housing.Majority of migrant families do not have the ability to relocate and provide better education for their children, mingying that they have to accept being in distress a nd not having a strong educational background (Paleso 3). The SAT has frequently been criticized for providing a cultural advantage for wealthy whites. In the website article, SAT racial Bias Proves Standardized Tests argon Geared Toward White Students, Haleigh Collins states that tests like the ACT and SAT have been blamed for widening the achievement perturbation between whites and minorities. While the math region is objective, the critical reading section and writing section describe topics associated mostly with the white demographic. Often the passages are about subjects that white, upper class students are more exposed to. The communicatory section favors white students by using language with which they are more familiar than non-white students. Collins also mentions that for 23 years Roy Freedle, a psychologist who works with ETS (the nonprofit Educational Testing Service that develops, administers, and scores convertible tests), has been working to prove that these em phasized ACT and SAT tests givewhites an unfair advantage. His studies show that minority scores significantly lag when compared to whites of equal economic status.As mentioned above, wealthier test take inrs benefit from being able to afford tutors that cost up to hundreds of dollars an hour to private college counselors students with intend and access to additional help can often bring their scores up significantly. For example, several students see a great increase in their scores after practicing these tests and taking them over and over. Just through coaching and exposure to the tests, they start seeing trends, which enable them to do a lot better. Students who cant afford or dont have access to this are at a huge disadvantage. Unfortunately, situations such as this occur often. John Overton highschool civilise student Amad Amedy, a full time worker and athlete with an ACT composite score of 29 and a 3.9 GPA, stated that he mat college admissions are crooked. He believed t hat a underprivileged student who works full time and is more active in after-school clubs and sports should be weighted equally, if not higher, than a student who has just decided to focus and do well in school only, especially if they are not that often more accomplished than the working, social student.He discussed that sometimes students get home late from work and do not have time to study because they need to sleep in order to wake up and take an important test in the morning. Amedy concluded by saying that a well-rounded student will use his extensive knowledge of divers(a) trades that he picked up from experience to get further than someone who just stays at home and studies, and that the social and vocational skills earned by working and engaging in extracurricular activities are as of import as the intellect gained from studying textbooks and researching academic journals. Another John Overton High School student, Benjamin Demonbreun, who is an unemployed student, salut atorian, and National Merit Semifinalist, with a 33 composite on the ACT and a GPA of 4.0, strongly disagreed with Amedy. Ben believed that the standard requirements were a good way to determine who should be accepted into esteemed universities. He argued that students such as himself worked extremely hard, solar day in and day out, in what they have needed to do, which is get exceptional grades.Alongside Benjamin, students skirmish that although they may have had a slightly greater advantage, it does not mean that students such as Amedy have worked harder than them or deserve it more, solely because they do afew things outside of school. Ben discussed that he has never needed to support a family school has always been his priority. He believes that emphasis on standardized tests and GPA should not be dismissed by any means because they are a huge determining factor for work ethic, knowledge, and college readiness. In Teaching With Poverty In Mind, Jensen illustrates a few action travel such as more empathy towards the life of a migrant student (11). This better understanding may allow for a more light curriculum that allows the student some wiggle room. Such steps are seen in MNPS with a new grading policy allowing retakes until students achieve mastery. A few universities have started to become familiar with this situation, due to growth in immigrant populations in the United States. There have been some universities who have given SAT and ACT scores as a means of selection.A growing amount of selective universities, predominantly Ivy League, are kickoff to adopt a holistic admissions policy because the holistic approach is very thorough in evaluating the whole of the applicant, rather than reduce the applicant to a few pieces of empirical data, such as test scores and GPA. The holistic policy offers students a chance to show their accomplishments in several distinct ways, rather than only test scores and grade histories, giving people such as Amedy a n opportunity to attend a high-status university and receive a wonderful education. With this policy we may see minorities provide a opposite perspective in different professions that help advance society and technology. deeds CitedAmedy, Amad. Personal Interview. 5 April 2014.Collins, Haleigh. SAT Racial Bias Proves Standardized Tests Are Geared Toward White Students. PolicyMic. 12 September 2011. Web. 1 April 2014. Demonbreun, Benjamin. Personal Interview. 5 April 2014.Freedle, Roy. Interview. 1 April 2014.Jensen, Eric. Teaching With Poverty In Mind. 2009. EBooks (10-11), Web. 8 April 2014. Polese, Mario. The wealthiness And Poverty Of Regions Why Cities Matter. 2009. EBooks (3). Web. 13 April 2014.

Islamic Banking

pic ISLAMIC BANKING IS IT REALLY ISLAMIC? By Omar Mustafa Ansari & Faizan Ahmed Memon Is it rattling Moslem? . In this era of development and growth in Moslem finance and swearing, this is a question being raised at e truly forum by variant quarters. All those who raise this question, be doubtless well-wishers of Islam, Moslem frugal constitution and Muslim Ummah. Accordingly, speckle we celeb roll the achievements of Muslim banking on unity hand, we should non be ignoring the issues and remonstrations being raised by such(prenominal) quarters in hallow to ensure that we lay the foundations of this manufacture on blind drunk, straight and acceptable-to- each(prenominal)(a) footings.Objectives Of Muslim Banking Before discussing various objections raised on the present day Moslem banking, we should s kibosh-off try to understand the intents of Muslim banking, which atomic number 18 as follows 1. To provide shariah compliant and prudent banking opportunitie s indeed providing an opportunity to Muslims to do their banking operations a proper way In other language, this is resolely an effort to countermand Riba and other prohibited elements from moneymaking(prenominal) and banking effects, in order to ensure that we do Nothing-Haram and 2. Achieving the goals and objectives of an Muslim stinting constitution.We all contri scarcelye agree that, given the circumstances, the Muslim banking industry is making all efforts to ensure the first objective, while the certify objective, although no-less important, is non the bill objective of up-to-date-day Islamic banking. History Of Islamic Banking Modern banking arranging was introduced in Muslim countries at a time when they were politi mobilisey and economically slave to the westbound world. The main banks of the western world established their branches and subsidiaries in the Muslim countries and territories to attain requirements of external transaction.The Muslim commu nity more often than not avoided the foreign banks for apparitional reasons hardly with the passage of time, it became to a greater extent(prenominal) and more than difficult to engage in patronage and other activities without making affair of commercial banks. Even then, a puffy number of Muslims, confined their involvement to transaction activities such as current account or hundred percent cash margin letter of credits. Borrowings from commercial banks or bespeakment the access blood lines and saving accounts were stringently avoided by practicing Muslims in order to keep away from dealing in bet which is prohibited by Islam.With the passage of time, however, due to increase in cross-border proceeding and other socio-economic forces demanding more involvement in national economic and monetary activities, avoiding the interaction with the banks became impossible. Local banks were established in Muslim countries (including the label like Muslim Commercial Bank) on t he said(prenominal) lines as the interest- base foreign banks and they began to expand within the awkward bringing the banking system to more and more plurality. Governments, businesses and individuals began to transact business with the banks, with or without liking it.This state of affairs displace the attention and concern of Muslim intellectuals which gave emergence to the contemporary Islamic banking. By the midst of the last century, many Muslim countries started their efforts to adopt the Islamic economic and banking systems. Many scholars, economist and experienced bankers came with different solutions to initiate the Islamic banking. Those experiences coat the route for modern Islamic banking. Nowadays Islamic monetary institutions (IFIs) ar spread all over the world including European countries and the fall in conjures.In particular these hit their signifi deposet presence in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, United Arab Emi range, other GCC countries, Malaysia, S udan and Iran. Who Raise The Questions? Islamic banking is a weak industry. In respect of resources, in respect of knowledge-bases, in respect of trained-knowledgeable-sincere human resources, in respect of availability of commercial pickings, in respect of state support, as well as, hostelry support, in respect of sincerity of stake-holders and WHAT NOT.With such untoward footings, regrettably, it really has certain(p) weaknesses which argon non only targeted by the enemies, but, be more severally and force proficienty attacked by the FRIENDS. As a consequence, the Islamic banking and finance is facing disagreements from various quarters including certain revolutionary Islamic movements, certain rigid and hard-core religious scholars, and idealistic and utopian Islamic economists (without any disrespect to them all). Can Banking Ever Be Really Islamic?The first question is raised approximatelyly by those who any do non control any knowledge about banking, or those who subscribe to the courage to evaluate the banking systems from its evolution to its objectives. They tonicity that the banking per-se is against the very basic concepts of Islam. They belief that on the button like the fact that there washbasin non be any Halal pork or Islamic prostitution, there lavatory be no Halal banking. This viewpoint is supported by the fact that, particularly in Pakistan, we withdraw already faced a complete disaster in the bring in of interest-free banking and so-called IFIs particularly including Modarabas.The rock, as to whether Islamic banking is really Islamic, has both different views. The first one is that whatever is being per songed in the name of Islamic banking is apparently quite kindred to the operations of a gradational pecuniary institution hence creates doubts in sights mind, as to on what free-bases we can call it Islamic? So they looking that it is hardly a change in name and documents and in fact, it is nothing differe nt from conventional banking. The second facet of this question is more important nd deals with the socio-economic factors associated with the general Islamic monetary system. Due to significance of these objections, we will discuss these two issues before looking for other arguments. Merely A Change In Name And Documents The around popular and to the highest degree discussed argument against contemporary Islamic banking is that there is NO DIFFERENCE AT ALL between the conventional banking and Islamic banking and this is merely a change of name and documents.The second argument, which is in-fact a derivative of the first argument, is that yet in Islamic banking, the most common products being employ e. g. Murabaha, Musawwama, Salam, Istisna, diminishing Musharaka and Ijara Muntahia Bittamleek are on fixed hang al-Qaida. Even the Musharaka and Modaraba ground products are engineered in a way that the dineros are virtually-fixed. matchless should realize the fact that un less we can distinguish an Islamic bank from a conventional bank, it would be difficult for any of us to rely on the uniform(p).Particularly, it is sight that they try to make sure that their product is corresponding to the conventional products in all respects, even if for that purpose they collapse to incorporate a few provisions in these products which are not considered to be expert or a few of them are considered Makrooh. In addition, their endeavors are focussed towards minimization of their risk through every possible option and fitly, the perfume of Islamic finance which is based on risk taking is killed. We can note that most IFIs market place their products on the frameworks very more similar to those used by the conventional banks.As an exercise, an Ijara Muntahia Bittamleek transaction introduced by an IFI world power be very similar to a finance lease transaction offered by a conventional leasing company, except for a variation of Takaful / indemnity cost which in Islamic mode is to be borne by the les escort and accordingly, the homogeneous is built-in the rentals. The basic reason behind this similarity is to ensure trey objectives. The first one, which is more important one, is to provide an even compete ground to the IFIs in order to ensure their survival in the overall banking system.The second one, is that even by IFIs, it has to be ensured that their shareholders and depositors get some(prenominal) make pass and sooner a return equivalent to those of conventional banks. And the third reason is to avoid arbitrage amongst Islamic and conventional financial systems which may be ill-used by a few big-guns to get the benefit of the price difference between the two parallel financial systems. For such reason, time nurse of money concept is used for performance measurement and pricing of financial products.Most importantly, it should be kept in mind that in some areas Haram and Halal provoke a very pocket-size difference. For an example, only formula the name of Allah Almighty on an animal at the time of butcher makes it Halal and permissible while by not saying that name we make it Haram or by just a few words of acceptance in Nikah, in presence of a few persons, a man and woman become Halal for each other. Similarly, if a transaction can be engineered in a way that the same becomes shariah law compliant, then we should not stop that the same is Haram only due to its similitude with the interest based financing.It is also pertinent to note that since the Islamic financial services sector is in its infancy phase, as compared to the conventional banking, we unfortunately have to follow the conventional system in the pattern of financial products and are still not in a position to contemplate absolutely new financial services. During the last few centuries, the conventional banking system has well read the human call fors and psychology and has invented a enormous number of financial products and accordingly, it is not simple to just invent a new financial tool just for the purpose of inventing one.For example, if they have hurry finance and overdraft as a financing tool, we have invented an alternate to the same in form of Istijrar with Murabaha or Musharaka based running finance model. Similarly, if they use finance leases as a financing tool, we have converted the same in a shariah compliant form in form of Ijara Muntahia Bittamleek or in form of Diminishing Musharaka. These are only two examples, but the tally is practically very high and for each interest based financial product except for those explicitly Haram, more than one alternates have been engineered.The objective of this discussion was just to emphasize that merely an amortization schedule similar to the one offered by a conventional bank, is not a basis for declaring a Halal product to be Haram. If just a pricing model or just the similarity of a cash-flow model makes the transaction Haram, what you will say regarding a conventional give offered at a price much higher or much lower than the market normal rates for which the pricing model and the cash-flow model are not similar to those generally applied in the industry.Does anybody recall that such dissimilarity will make it Halal? Accordingly, from sharia law principles it is justifiedly concluded that it is the mental object of a transaction what makes it Halal or Haram and not a pricing model used to price the transaction or the cash-flow model used for the payments and repayments in monetary terms. Socio-Economic Effects Of Islamic Banking And pay Second most significant argument from such group, predominantly by certain Islamic economists and certain Islamic revolutionary movements, is about the socio-economic factors of Islamic banking.They heart that since Islamic banking is also based on gather causation and in present form, it generally works on virtually-fixed return basis hence the same cannot attribute anything -positive towards the socio-economic changes that Islam desires. This is a crucial question and, we consider that, every conscious Muslim will concur with the concerns of those who raise the same, although the conclusions derived by different people might vary. Nobody can argue that virtually-fixed return based banking, although being sharia law compliant, is not what has been desired by Islam as a complete way of financial support.In addition, the current-day Islamic banking is emphasizing more on consumer finance as compared to financing to SME sector, agricultural sector, and more importantly, on the micro-finance hence, it is not bestow affluent towards the just and equitable monetary system that Islam needs. Having due regard for these arguments, may we remind you that that the Islamic economic system is not something that can work in isolation of the geo-political and legislative system, as well as, and more importantly the societys behavior towards the injunctions of Islam ic shariah in personal and collective matters.Accordingly, one can easy imagine that in an economy whereby most of the businessmen are not honest in fairly presenting the financial statements of their businesses, how difficult it is to introduce a profit and loss sharing based financial solution. Similarly, in most of the cases payment of Zakat and Sadaqat depends on the individual and particularly, in view of the gigantic passel of the black economy in the country, what can be expected even if a good system for Zakat and Ushr is introduced?It needs to be emphasized that only the change in banking system is not a solution to the overall revolution of economic system unless other facets of Islamic economic system, as well as, Islamic social system are not enforced simultaneously. Accordingly, the complete transition of economy to an Islamic economic system can be performed, when and only when, the overall consensus of the society is developed towards practical natural covering o f sharia law in all the facets of human life, particularly including the political scienceal, political and legislative structures.Despite such an unsatisfactory and rather discouraging attitude of the society towards application of Islamic Shariah, it should be noted that such a mooring do not relieve a Muslim from the applicability of Shariah principles, but rather increases his responsibilities in the way that it becomes his duty not only to try to abide by all applicable Shariah requirements in his personal capacity but also to put his endeavors towards improvement in such system. Consequently, in case the Islamic banking, in your opinion, is not contributing enough towards betterment of society, you cannot blame the same alone.The responsibilities of the Muslim Ummah as a full-page (or of the State) can not be expected to be borne by a single sector only, which, at this point of time is in its infancy stages. Is It Heela Banking? This is a general discussion at various forums that contemporary Islamic banking is based on Heelas. From Shariah perspective, a Heela is an option use to disobey the divine guidance through engineering the circumstances and playing with the facts and intentions.Having an insight into the industry, one can not disagree with this argument to certain extent, as it has been ob servicingd in a number of cases that in-fact, certain minutes are practically applied on this basis. Having said that this argument should, however, not be used to blame the entire industry. We should acknowledge that the foundations of the industry have been built using the pillars which are directly derived from the Holy Quran, Sunnah and Fiqh. It is worth-noting that mostly, a Heela is applied in the execution of a transaction rather than invention of a transaction.In other words, we can safely conclude that application of Heelas in Islamic banking is not a weakness in the theories of Islamic banking, but actually is a matter of misuse / mistake of ba sic Shariah guidance in respect of various Shariah compliant financial minutes. Accordingly, it needs to be emphasized that in order to support the growth of Islamic banking and finance on right footings, we need to strengthen the Shariah ossification mechanism for the industry. In addition, in the long-run run, we need to eliminate the Islamic financial products which have the potential of misuse. utilization Of Interest-Rate As Benchmark Is It Halal? Critics, including scholars, as well as, economists, strongly decry that most of IFIs while providing financing by way of any of the Halal transactions, determine their profit rate on the basis of the current interest-rate benchmarks prevailing in the conventional money market. Scholars are of the view that by applying these benchmarks, the Islamic banking industry makes their transactions similar to interest-based transactions and as a consequence, these transactions become doubtful from Shariah point-of-view. Economists feel fur ther issues and that and are of he view that this thing makes these financial institutions a part of the prevailing competitive economic systems, hence this sort of transactions are absolutely not desirable by Islam. Here it would be worthwhile to have a look on the arguments by the Islamic banking for better understanding of the pricing issue. They generally give examples like suppose you enter into a supermarket in UK and see that the pork, the beef and the Halal beef are all being sold for GBP 2 per kg. Do you think that this similarity of price or the fact that these products are being sold under the same jacket cr accept visualizes the Halal beef as Haram?Or for example in the same superstore you note that they are using the same balance for weighing these collar types of meat. Do you think that using the same balance will render the Halal beef, as Haram? If not, then we should better understand the principle that it is the substance and legal form of the transaction that m akes it Halal or Haram and not its pricing, rate or the cash-flow model or the institution, or even the environment that offers such transaction. This issue, however, needs to be addressed by the government, as well as, the market players.A strong Islamic inter-bank market will InshaAllah provide us opportunities to develop our own benchmarks for Islamic banking operations. Dealing of Islamic Banks with Conventional Banks another(prenominal) strong argument against Islamic banking is against dealing with conventional banks. These dealings are of two types i. e. sharing of services and commercial transactions. As far as services are concerned, where the Islamic Banks are facilitating the foreign businesses of their customer or helping out their customers to transfer the money from safe channels.For these services, the remuneration or expense of Islamic banks is service overbears which are allowed by Shariah evaluators, although they exhort that such interaction should be avoided wherever IFIs are available. The second argument which is much strong is regarding the commercial transactions with conventional financial institutions. These transactions generally relate to the treasury side of the Bank whereby either the IFIs place their excess liquidity with the conventional banks or puzzle financings from them to meet their own liquidity requirements.For placement of funds with conventional banks most of Islamic banks in Pakistan are using the product of Commodity Murabaha or they invest in certain Halal pluss of the conventional financial institutions. On the other hand, they usually obtain financings from the conventional banks on the basis of profit and loss sharing, although the profit rates are once again virtually-fixed. Although, most of the Shariah scholars have allowed these transactions duly considering the Shariah requirements, however, nobody can argue that it is a must to avoid all such transactions.For this purpose, however, we need to strength en the Islamic inter-bank market and to provide further liquidity management options to the IFIs particularly, in form of strong Shariah-compliant government securities and a stable capital market with peck of Halal investment options available. All dealings with conventional financial institutions should endure limited to the necessities which reach the extremes of compulsion. Cost Of Being A Muslim Those who have bad memories of dealing with Islamic banks are in front-line of critics with this remark.the great unwashed feel that there are serious doubts on the honesty and integrity of IFIs. They feel that these Banks are using the name of Islam to earn a few bucks more as compared to the conventional banks or rather they are exploiting the faith of Muslims by charging them, the cost of being a Muslim. On the financing side, they charge higher than conventional banks. In other words, internal rate of return on Islamic financial products is higher than the conventional products.On the contrary, it is observed that on the deposit sides they pay less as compared to the conventional banks. In addition, it is generally observed that the expected rates, as well as, the actual rates of return offered by these financial institutions are fairly equivalent to (generally approximately less than) the rates being offered by conventional financial institutions. A justification against the first argument is that since IFIs are subject to the commodity risk, asset destruction and holding risks and the price risk, as well as their germane(predicate) costs e. g.Takaful expenses, in addition to the risks and costs that a bank faces, they are justified in their demand i. e. higher internal rate of return. Nevertheless, financial experts have generally felt that even if these factors are considered, the pricing by these Banks is on the higher side. On the other side, in a profit and loss based model, it is agreeable that they assign weightage to different types of deposits in a manner that the total return on investment and financing pools is allocated amongst various depositors and the Bank ( functional as a partner).Even then, it is generally noted that IFIs are paying less than the market. We can only hope that in go on future, with increasing competition in the Islamic banking industry, this effect will sully because of market-forces except to the extent of pricing against actual additional risk elements. market Approach Of IFIs Another valid argument is about the marketing climax being used by these financial institutions, which adversely effects the in the public eye(predicate) reliance on this mode.People raising objections on the marketing access of IFIs have two grounds for the same. The first one is the general marketing approach being applied by the a few IFIs which implicate advertising and other publicity materials including involvement of women and traditional marketing and advertisement styles for promotion of Islamic banking bus iness. Second ground is the marketing strategy in which sometimes it is felt that false statements are made for promotional purposes.An example of the same is the claim by a leading(a) Islamic bank that all its day to day activities are monitored by its Shariah Advisor. beneficial imagine, if it is humanly possible, that a part time Shariah Advisor can look after all day to day activities of a full fledged bank with a number of branches even located at other cities. Another example is the claim by an Islamic vulgar fund that it is the first one of its kind in the country, whereas another fund was operating in the country for around one year earlier to subscription for such mutual fund.They Dont Look Like Islamic Once you enter into a glittering branch or sureness of an IFI, generally you do not feel any difference with a conventional bank. This issue is raised particularly by the blend of people who feel that once they enter into such location, it should look like a sacred place instead of a commercial office. You generally feel that they have over-spent on the furniture, interior-decoration and publicity stuff, which apparently, is against the injunctions of Islam.This impression is further strengthened when you see the overall environment, the dealing style of personnel and most significantly, you feel (in most of the cases) that there are ladies working for the organization without Hijab or even clutch attire (in line with the dress-code of a Muslim woman as defined by Shariah). Although a few moderate-enlightened Muslims will not like this objection at all, nevertheless, it should be kept in mind that a common Muslim cannot digest Islamic banking while he feels that other factors of business are not really Islamic.We cant argue with these objections as these have due weightage in them and the management of IFIs should take these objections seriously. However, we should keep in mind that the prime objective of Islamic finance, is to ensure that financ ial matters are dealt with in line with Islamic Shariah. In other words, environment does not make anything Haram. Needless to mention, from Shariah perspective, you can always buy a Halal product from a store where everything else is Haram although the same needs to be avoided if other options are available. Islamic Bankers Dont Know Islamic BankingThis argument, once again, has key significance from the perspective of the overall control environment of these banks with regard to the applicability of Shariah principles. Particularly, it is astonishing when you deal with an Islamic banker, who knows very little about Islamic banking, but unfortunately, this is not very uncommon. The prime cause behind this issue is the fact that most of the IFIs have employ the conventional bankers and generally no or very little term is awarded to ensure that they are well conversant with the Shariah requirements with regard to the modes of finance being used by these Banks.Similarly, the IFIs d o not send away enough on their resource-building for Shariah compliance and training of their staff, in comparison to what they spend for marketing. Having experience of training Islamic Bankers, as well as, performing Shariah compliance reviews, we may safely conclude that, this objection is not without substance. This accordingly, is a strongest need that the IFIs should allocate more and more resources for staff training and Shariah compliance. Monopoly Of Shariah Advisors Another objection is regarding the appointment of Shariah Boards and Shariah Advisors.People have largely noted and discussed at various forums that the major component part in this field in Pakistan is limited to a very small group of jurists most of whom relate to a single family and their pupils (a single religious university). Besides this, another question is also being raised that generally the honorariums, consultancy fee and other benefits being offered to such jurists by the IFIs in Pakistan, as wel l as, abroad are quite high and this may expose their independence. In addition, it is felt that they are the only ones who are whole and sole responsible for Shariah compliance.They approve the products, they review the transactions and in the end they perform Shariah audit themselves, which is, however, an indicative of a conflict of interest (without any doubt on their personal independence and integrity). Most of the people conversant with the business and operations of Islamic finance do not agree with this observation, because the parcel of these people to the industry as a whole is remarkable and they deserve even more than that based on their contribution and efforts in the promotion of this industry.The general concept that a Moulvi should be paid the minimum for his life, is not justifiable. If you are getting benefits from their efforts, their knowledge and skills, then they should be justifiably rewarded. Having said that, it is always agreeable that it is the right t ime that contributions from jurist from other schools of thought should also be sought and they should necessarily be provided opportunities to enter into the field. For this purpose, it is a good proposition from the State Bank that a jurist should not be allowed to hold more than one mercantile position as a Shariah Advisor or constituent of a Shariah Board.This will ensure that fresh blood gets an option to enter into the field which will eventually improve the overall Shariah compliance in the field, as well as, will help these institutions to insert fresh products. IFIs Use Conventional Insurance A valid objection cant argue with that. It was a real issue that according to the legal requirements, as well as, derived from real compulsion, the banks were required to obtain insurance coverage from conventional insurance companies and this practice was allowed by the Shariah Advisors to the extent of compulsion only.This situation, Alhamdolillah has changed after introduction of Islamic mode of insurance (Takaful) in Pakistani market. Unfortunately, there are a still IFIs who have not yet switched to Takaful while to-date three Takaful companies and a family Takaful company have commenced operations in Pakistan and now this lame excuse of compulsion can not be exercised anymore. Now its high time that the State Bank and the Shariah Advisors should take strong steps to ensure that no business is iven by the IFIs to any conventional insurance company either in respect of owned assets, or against assets held under security. Should We Still prefer Islamic Banking? As a conclusion to this debate, we may say that we are required by our religion to implement a complete Islamic way of living in our individual and collective lives and the society and the government as well. The Islamic banking and financial system is a part of such system and is not construed to be applicable in isolation while other laws and customs repugnant to the Shariah requirements are still in force.However, for the sake of our own benefits, in order to avoid interest by ourselves and providing interest-free opportunities to our brothers and sisters in Islam, we should promote and support the Islamic banking and finance in the country with all our possible efforts and endeavors. We should not try to pull legs of an infant who is just trying to take his first step towards a long travel to go.However, we should try to ensure that he commences his journey on the right way, with strong footings. Such Islamic banking, may not be termed as perfect, but can provide us with a shelter from interest based transactions for the time being, and might support us in augmenting a truly Islamic financial system, and more appropriately said, will serve as an experiment for the time when we will really be in a position to the implement the complete Islamic way of living in our beloved country.May Allah Almighty bestow us his blessings and change us to evolve a complete system of life in accordance with the principles of life provided by the Holy Quran and the Holy illusionist (SAAWS). May Allah accept our efforts and forgive us for our mistakes in this field in our individual capacities, as well as, as a society. About Omar & Faizan Omar is a Chartered Accountant by profession, and is presently working as render Islamic Financial Services Group with Ford Rhodes Sidat Hyder & Co. (A member planetary house of Ernst & Young Global Limited).Omar enjoys vast experience in audit, Shariah compliance and providing related services to Islamic finance industry in Pakistan. He is author of a Book on Islamic finance that is to say Managing Finances A Shariah Compliant Way. Faizan holds experience in the field of Shariah audits and product development. In past, he has worked with a leading Islamic bank as Shariah Coordinator and Shariah Auditor. Presently, he is working with Ford Rhodes Sidat Hyder & Co. as Manager Islamic Financial Services. picpic

The old man and the sea by Earnest Hemmingway, alternate ending

He took all his pain and what was go away of his potentiality and his yearn gone(p) pride and he put it everywhere against the escort fores agony and the search came over to his billet and swam gently on his side, his bill almost despic equal to(p) the planking of the skiff, and started to pass the boat, long, deep, wide, silver and barred with purple and interminable in the water.The venerable creative activity dropped the line and put his foot on it and displace he harpoon high and control it down with all his remain strength.He watched as it passed straight by means of the side of the great lean, stain the deep blue waters red, leave swirls of maroon in its wake, microscopical ghost slant sent to mock me he aspect.The great tip swam away with the little rope going straight through the embodiment near the base of its tail.I feel your pain the nonagenarian composition communicate emerge loud to the search. The harpoon essential(prenominal) be jammed against his side and unable to father brook through, he thought.Oh great look for, fine friend, what an contemptible end this allow for give, why this is worse than bone spurs, it must be. The stuff against his shoulders had lessened, the acute pain from the line cutting his right baseball mitt eased.So, I form no strength left you, pee-pee beaten me sacred adversary, but to do so you will die a long drawn show up slow death, give cargon a criminal arrange to a nonher The words disadvantage his dry lips increasing the depth of the furrows in the flesh.I will non bring you in like this he m come forthh again to the marlin, not after all that we corroborate been through, he thought, no I will not shame either of us like this. If the fish managed to free itself in the beginning he could untie the rope from the bitt the resulting hole left behind would equivalent to a feast for cardinal families.His item was acquire fuzzy again, but the thought to free the fish rema ined strong. I will cut you loose he utter yes I have my knife, I will make both my hands work for this. He took his knife and maximed at the rope, back and forth, back and forth cutting it with the pulsation of the waves. He used his left hand to press down on top of the other as much(prenominal) as it would allow him to. after what felt like an age he broke right through the rope, as the last few strands were severed, his left hand cramped again causing him to drop his knife into the vast waters. But the rope was cleaved in two, he had freed his adversary.He rested indeed, dipping his hands one at a magazine in the healing cleansing coarsenessy sea.Taking duration to recover from his efforts, the public press of the line a constant ache crosswise his shoulders, he pondered the repercussions of sailing the skiff so removed out. I shouldnt have gone out so far fish, he thought, aloud he say Im sorry. As he proceed to ponder the wiseness of the distance his head started to clear. The loss of his knife playing on his mind. Oh why am I so stupid? he whispered in a bitter tone. Of course he thought to himself, ESTUPIDO He silently cursed his foolishness. It was my head, it was unclear, the warm fish I ate was long ago. Why didnt I erect untie the rope from the bitt? Why did I cut it? How much energy did I waste sawing? My knife, my knife, it would be here if I had not been so stupid, the thoughts wound nigh and around his head. Oh great fish I bet youd of never committed such a stupid act He verbalise to the moving fin of the fish.The great fish carried on swimming, slow but steadily, the phosphorescent trails of its blood faint now, almost gone.The marlin had slowed, the old man find, he thought the lack of food must be winning its toll on him as well by now.He must fail some rest, sluice the great DiMaggio must rest sometimes, up to now before the bone spurs he must have worn himself out, he must have tired and wanted, no, longed for rest. Longed for rest, honest like he did. I bet the wonderful DiMaggios father the great fisherman would understand, he said to himself, he must of fought some great battles on the sea, to be able to pass on the great wisdom help Joe to be so great.Just a few minutes rest, even a few minutes would be good he didnt want to get entangled again. Yes he would rest, and then try to catch a fish, a go fish that would be good they taste nice even without salt or lime. But first he would rest.He was disturbed well-nigh 15 minutes later. By a tugging on his right hand, an change magnitude pres sealed cutting into his shoulder webs. The fish was turning He had started circling he was on the path to the fishermans hands now. He coordinateed the line displace it in slowly, he didnt want to break it.I must be gentle, I must be smooth, he thought, I can be tricky, I can be clever, I wont let the line snag. He knew that any sudden tugging on the line could tear the hook from its splendid hold i n the marlins mouth.The fish had circled nearly 360 it had taken what exposemed like a lifetime to the old man. all the while slowly and c arfully drawing the thick line through his useless almost lifeless left hand, across his martyred back and then through his right hand, his strong hand.Gentle, I can be gentle, I can be crafty, wily, I am a great fisherman, like father DiMaggio, come to me, my friend, my equal, come to me I am experienced, it will be sure and swift. He chanted to the fish.The fish carried on its slow turn all the while, in perfect ignorance of what the old man was telling it. It act its circle until it had glowering another one-half, and straightened out all the time swimming steadily.You tease me he said to the marlin you do not think of me as worthy, I can best you I am not dead yet.He settled into the salty planks of the skiff, resting his back but careful of the line running across it. I will rest for a while he thought to himself, then I will try to get a fish. After taking a few sips from his water bottle he felt for the excess whorl securing it on his toe, and closed his eyes. The world started spinning, he opened his eyes a feeling of nausea rising in this throat. I am so tired he thought to him self, so tired and weak he closed his eyes again swallowing down the bile that was threatening to come out. Trembling he tried to rest, many minutes passed before the unconditional swallowing stopped and his breathing steadied.He dreamt of the lions on the beach again, but it was unalike this time. The lions came not to gamble and play, but sat piano and still on the sand, almost as though they were take careing for something.It was dark again when he awoke, the tendrils of fogginess dancing and swaying in the moon beams. It took him a few moments to adjust to being awake. He thought for a while that he was in his shack, lying comfy and cosy on his bed of newspapers. Then the pressure of the line filtered through his hazy thoughts. I am in my boat, I am fishing, then the realisation of his fight to snare the marlin rushed towards the surface.the fish he croaked jumped up, his head spinning around to locate the fish, when he saw it swimming along unconcerned at the private battle on base the skiff, the relief that washed over him was like a healing balm, a balm that melted away as he fumbled for the line realising that it had slipped from his shoulders. His iciness and sleepy hands nearly dropped the line, but he managed to flounder around until his right hand grappled and gripped at the line, then his slower left hand finally found purchase and finished the job of adjusting the line so it was snug against his shoulder blades.He gazed around at the stars realising that he was aim in the direction of home. rise my fine friend, we best end this shortly or the waters will get too shallow, and you will clams your fine scales, he chuckled silently casting his gaze around scrutinizing for his fish.He had surfa ced again in the night it must be getting close to an ending the old man thought. Itll soon be time for the home run, wheres that water he reached over feeling for his bottle. Sipping slowly capital of Chile glimpsed a shape moving around the skiff. Whats that? he started, more quietly now he said, thats a snub nose, no, no there are two he said as he spotted a support fin seafaring towards the boat. The circled the boat orgasm at it from different directions, then one changed course heading towards the fish. He must be leaving blood trails calling out to the shark, diner time come and get me, thought the old man. As the snub nose headed towards the fish the old man started beating the surface of the water with an oar.He screamed at them in a cracked and wasted voice here you bastardos, here, leave him only when, you are nothing but unworthy scavengers, brainless useless scum he continued to beat the ocean erratically , splashing and churning up the surface area of blue, qualifi cation it turn to darker and lighter blues, vermilions and a lilac that was reminiscent of the marlins stripes. Hes mine he screamed at the sharks. One of the came close to the boat, he could see it cold, pitiless eyes. group what little strength he had he lifted the oar above his head, sworn statement his decrepit left hand, as he brought the oar down in a solid blow between its eyes.The shark twitched violently lunging at the oar, snapping the blade with his fearsome teeth.Santiago twisted the shards round and managed to pierce an eye. He watched the shark back off. You are no match for me, he thought, even the boy, as green as he still is could beat you. He continued to beat the water but in a gesture of enjoyment now, get lost, get lost you scum he shouted as he thrashed his hands around in the water. You wont have my fish, its not for youSuddenly he felt a searing, burning pain, then a wave of pitch blackness threatened to overcome him, but some basic animal consciousness took over and he shook his head clearing it. The pain took over again then. What is this, what is happening? He thought to himself, feeling strangely devoid from the excruciating pain. I have been bitten, I have been bitten he shouted in shock, the shark has bitten me he said in a quieter weaker voice, as he saw the partner to the shark he had hit gliding away. He must have sneaked in behind me, he thought getting groggy by now, they were jealous of my fish, my fish that flys, my fantastic friend. He was swaying but not in time with the ocean now. The old man crumbled gently to the deck of the skiff. Flee, fly my friend, he mumbled as the dark fog enclosed him.The fish carried on smoothly through the water, appearing fast to the wound it had sustained.Manolin was on the beach early, as he had been every twenty-four hours since the old man had been gone. When his father had mentioned it to him, whilst complaining that he boy was half asleep when fishing, Manolin had replied I wil l look for him, I will wait for him, I will not abandon him for I mean in him.As the boy gazes out to see he spots a deeper shadow in the sea, what is that? He thinks squinting his eyes, seek to see clearer. It is to far to be sure but he knows that it is Santiago, returning home.Pedrico Pedrico, it is Santiago, he is returning home, his good deal has turned he shouted down the beach, thinking to himself, I hope his luck has returned, I so want him to be coming back with a good catch. It is not right that he should have such bad luck he will not be able to take much more.Meanwhile Pedrico had gathered more of the locals, they were making their way to the edge of the sand. Chattering and gossiping amongst themselves.The boat was close nice now to be sure that it was a skiff, but what was that in forepart of it?My god its a fish, no, its a shark, its not real, its a demon a fish?, its unnatural were some of the mutterings that could be heard from the crowd.The boy just stood wit h his mouth slightly open and a waxen hue to his face.It was closer now they could see without a shadow of a doubt, that it was a huge fish in front of the skiff pulling it along, in fact even those that were slow to believe were starting to realise it was a marlin.The boy started shaking and crying as it got closer and closer, he could hear the intakes of breaths and gasps from the crowd next to him fade into to be quiet as they all realised that the fish was not going to stop. Manolin wasnt sure what or even how he was feeling, he had never encountered a item like this, and it was way beyond anything his emotions had ever strived to cope with before, let alone made sense of.The whole beach waited agog as the fish reached the edge of the sand still towing the skiff behind.It seemed to him the only two uprights in the world were the beating of his heart hammering in his ears and the unusually grating sound of the waves breaking on the shore. He tensed as the fish drove himself o n to the unnatural environment of the sandy shore get-up-and-go and pushing its ravaged luggage compartment until it was well and truly grounded.Before the crowd had regain enough from the shocking spectacle unfolding in front of them to move, the boy had waded out to the small boat, a true fisherman now perhaps, as even under the strain of what had transpired, a part of his mind noticed and look up to the sheer size of the marlin.The crowd had just began to recover from their collective semiconsciousness enough to move when a howling keening sound arose from the boys mouth, NOoooooooooooooo. He cant die, not now look at his catch, SANTIAGO..SantiagoThe boy trailed off into a soft whimper, shrugging off the hands that appeared to try and pat him with gestures of comfort. Then he jumped up suddenly shouting get off, outfox OFF GET OFF as he started to dash towards the fish he pushed the onlookers out of the way, and rounding on a pair of fishermen that had been about to club th e fish and screeched NO He drew a ragged breath before he carried on, dont you see Santiago has brought his catch home? the men nodded shocked. Well dont you think that is a special fish, leading him home? If fact basis itself in the process before they could reply he continued well, dont you think that they must of shared spirits, two so brave and clever, despite bad luck? with that he turned to the most superstitious member of the village and said that is right isnt, it thats what the old stories tell us?The old man stared at the boy for a second then said yes they will have shared courage therefore their spirits would have mingled in a slow and halting voice, then stronger yes he is right This great marlin, dread marlin is as SantiagoThe boy turned back towards the fish, then we have to bear on this fish, we should revere such a miracle not haste its passing. Would you club Santiagos body if it were that in front of you?The crowd denied this as a group hurt a member of their community? Never.Right said the boy in a more confident tone lets get him to the water, come on, I cant move him on my own the others started to help, all the while encouraged by the boy who was not a boy anymore gently, careful now look at that wound, it is very bad, but one as strong as this will heal silently to himself, he prayed that it would heal.They got the fish to the water before they noticed the hole in its lip where the hook had finally ripped away.The boy check into the unnaturally still fish over for ropes, lines and hooks then trying to get a quick look to assess the condition of the fish. All the while the fish stayed still.The boy whispered goodbye, and thank you, Joe DiMaggio rulesThe fish turned its kingly head towards the boy, and with the flick of a tale was gone, going at a lower place the surface as soon as it could.The crowd thinned until it was just the boy watching, alone, his eyes all bleary from unshed tears just as he turned he thought he saw the glea ming body of the majestic fish leaping through the air. But when he turned back to see clearer, there was nothing there.

Life Resource Center Scavenger Hunt Worksheet Essay

The animateness Resource Center (LRC) is a valuable free tool accessible to University of Phoenix students. Taking close to time to explore this web point to discover some of the many topics, resources, and tools available is a great way to find selective information to enhance health and wellness.Log on to the student website. Click on the Programs tab at the top of the page, and then click on life Resource Center low Services. Explore the resources available on the site and use them to answer the following questions.1. What are the three ways that students may receive counseling services through the LRC? The three way students may receive are in person, over the phone or online.2. What headway are the wellness Tools and Health Challenges tack together under(a)? The Health Tools and Health Challenges is found under the Thriving heading.3. Where is the Assess Your Health tool situated?The Assess Your Health tool is located in Health Tools under the Thriving heading.4. What are the five categories on the Live lusty paginate?The five categories on the live healthy page are How Healthy Are You, Lifestyle Change, Physical Fitness, Prevention and Screening, Tips for Healthy Living.5. Where are resources and articles about(predicate) good nourishment found on the LRC? The resources and articles about good nutrition can be found under Healthy Eating under the thriving heading.6. What are three of the health topics that can be found on the LRC? Three

Cars enslave us rather than liberate us Essay

Cars go been in use since the year 1870. Since whence the number of cars on the roads has increased many ages over. Cars at once seem to score made our live easier and to a greater extent convenient. Nevertheless, in my opinion, more cars give us much more problems than their benefits.First of all, people must achievement much harder in order to afford a car. This as well as way that they have to earn a considerable amount of m peerlessy. The prices of new cars ar so high that they usually need to take a cite to buy one. Moreover, cars ar not only dearly-won to buy, but also cost very much to run. In fact, the gas price gets high and the cost of maintenance is overpriced. Therefore, you have to work more hours if you want to have a car and still be able to live a decent life. one has to work overtime if he or she wants to have a car and keep their car still useful. Second, the quality of life in our cities is made worse because of cars. There atomic number 18 many occ upation jams every day and the number of accidents is on the increase.Consequently, people almost are getting more stress when they drive on street and get hold risky every time. Futhermore, cars have had an adverse impact on the environment, make an alarming rise in the levels of pollution worldwide. In addition, the toxic gases that cars refuse pollute the air we breathe and this seems to threaten our lives every day. To make the payoff worse, the main reason that develops the number of lung cancer is the air pollution. There are many people who die from lung cancer every year. Thirdly, I mean that people who own cars are worried about them, especially when their cars being stolen or damaged. In order to cope with this worry, they have to install expensive alarm systems and, to make matters worse, car-owners have to avoid areas of the city where cars get worried into or stolen. Finally, there are a lot of wagess of the cars.For example, you can mess off to any place you w ant no matter what time of the day and if there is any public transport to there. Another advantage in my view that cars are very helpful in carrying things from one place to another. To conclude, it is clear that cars seem to have made our live easier and more convenient. In conclusion, cars have many advantages but enslave us compensate more. Cars take us much affordability, threaten our life and worry us about making the car safe.

How far did conditions improve for Black Americans between 1945-1955? Essay

The ten following up to WW2 thither was general hostility to contendds Black Americans, kills and beatings were quite common in the Deep South. Due to the vast amount of volunteered/conscripted raw Americans who joined to fight for liberty and freedom in Europe, many as well as fought the war of liberty and freedom at home. When shocking soldiers returned majority were still met with the same segregation and racism that they had felt when they left. alone(predicate) the same you could see some improvements in political, accessible and economic conditions for them largely achieved through a combination of federal measures, supreme court decisions, and black activism. plainly there were clear limits to this progress due to powerful forces such as lily- unobjectionable racist attitudes, congressional resistance and lack of executive commitment. Conditions melioratea) PoliticalThe way the black soldiers had fought had changed a number of multitudes views, including Presiden t Harry S. Truman, whom was known for being racist, understood that there were well-disposed developments in place and the black population began to have a representative such as organisations care the NAACP. Immobilised Black American soldiers were given the probability to have a college education and they had took advantage of this, they had also been treated alike heroes in Europe alone were unequal in the USA- Truman saw this was harm and though they shouldnt be subject to racist attacks, which make them to a greater extent motivated to wreak action. In connection to this, there was increased sensory faculty of southern inequality due to to a greater extent(prenominal) motor cars and televisions becoming more accessible, so campaigns were mobile and more treasure. His reaction to this was the buck stops here meaning he was determined to get equal human rights for all citizens.The extent to which his motives were questionable as it can be argued he was puff up aware t he black ballot was of growing importance for the Democratic Party, so he knew he needed to gain their support. However having the President on side was a great step to fashioning black and black-and-blue citizens equal, and was one of the key steps to success for the Civil Rights movement, the other both being a Supreme accost and congress with pro-civil rights majority in the US constitution. Truman took g everywherenment action to help black people. In 1946, Truman ceremonious the Presidents Committee on Civil Rights they produceda tell To Secure These Rights which examined racial minorities in America, so that they could address these issues. Such problems include lynching (over 300 reported incidents from 1882-1945), police brutality(barbaric beating, forced confessions when innocent), voting rights (in 1944 simply 18% of black people in the South could vote), employment, education and wellness ( black people were paid less that whites even if educated, and medical sc hools refused to add black students and they had less doctors). The summary was that segregation was causing many problems, expose but equal did non exist as blacks did not perk equal treatment, and were seen as inferior to associate with white people. Truman also nominate William Hastie as the depression black articulate in relation to making opportunities fairer in employment and education.He also appointed Ralph Bunche as the American Ambassador of the United Nations he mediated between the Israelis and Palestinians and won the Nobel heartsease prize for this in 1950. These government appointments impacted the psychology of the black and white citizens, they could all see that black people were beginning to get elevated positions of power and consent this in turn would help secure more democratic black votes, as their fair opportunities were being shown to increase. He also recognised that black campaigners such as Philip Randolph were telling soldiers to not go to war d ue to how they were treated, and he used his power to desegregate gird forces, under an exec.Order 9981 which guaranteed equality of treatment and opportunity for all, this boosted the esprit de corps and confidence of soldiers which encouraged them to fight for America. The inauguration of Truman was also not segregated, which showed the immediate effect of his policies all around the world as he had publicity. affableThe NAACP- the National association for the advancement of coloured people were a touristy protest group that fought segregation and wanted to enfranchise black people with rights , between 1939 and 42, their members had grown from 50,000 to 450,000 so by 45 they were well established.Groups like these used methods involving both direct and indirect action. The indirect action the NAACP took were sustenance people in their court faux pass to get the Supreme Court to take notice of the political incorrectness forblack people. Such cases included the 1944 metal ope rationer v Alwright which concerned the voting rights of black people in Texas, they were allowed to vote in congressional elections but not primary elections- which were more beta as it determined the winning candidate. The case was taken to the Supreme Court and the 15th amendment states that all citizens have the right to vote so the case was won and all white primary elections were outlawed throughout the all of America.In 1946, the case of Morgan v Virginia was regarding the segregation of interstate bus services, she was fined for not giving up her seat for a white person and she argued her organic rights were violated. This was taken to the Supreme Court and her case was won, segregation on go was ruled illegal. in1950, Sweatt v Painter was a case about a black student wanting to study law, but was refused admission in Texas, a new law school was built for black students only, but this was shown to be inferior to the white school so Sweatt was able to testify for the Texa s law school and so the case was a success.The Brown vs. board of Education of Topeka in 1954 showed how black children werent being provided with an fit education, and that segregation had a negative effect on black children. It was recognised that southern states failed to provide an education and the racist education system didnt reflect on the ideals on America, so the decision was reached due to a change in leadership of the Supreme Court, Earl Warren replaced the deceased judge and he was much more sympathetic so used his authority to persuade desegregation.This case was a major stepping stone for black people, as yet there was a lot of white backlash, southern racists were provoked, like the KKK and white citizens council. The case was re opened for Brown II in 1955 as desegregation was not happening fast enough especially in southern states so it was argued a timetable needed to be implemented. The Brown case also demonstrated how the new President Eisenhower (from 1953) was unwilling to help, and showed how de jure change had minuscule de facto change in the Southern states especially.economicMuch like when bondage was still legal, the primary jobs for African Americans in the south were in agriculture, where they would work for very low pay and as a result persist very poor. However war had forced the south to spend over $4.5 billion creating factories for war goods, blacks couldntget jobs in them at first though due to racism and prejudice on the part of those hiring (a social issue). But this was resolved in 1941 when President Roosevelt, under the threat of black activism issued an executive order creating the Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC). The FEPC forced industries not to discriminate on the grounds of race, creed, colour or national pipeline.This had made the economic feature for blacks better but it wasnt to concluding as many were fired from their war time jobs to be replaced with reversive white servicemen. Still,the war period had vastly improved the economic situation for African Americans on the whole, this can be proved on statistics alone the number of lazy African Americans in 1940 was 937,000 but fell to 151,000 in 1945, showing a huge improvement. Simply due to the lower income made by blacks in both the North and South meant they were forced into substandard housing (Ghettos) as they were unable to afford better. In the North blacks were predominantly industrial workers and during war time there was a second hustle of black migration from South to North (the first being The Great Migration).once more proved by statistics in 1940 a quarter of African Americans lived in the North (primarily in industrial cities such as Philadelphia), but by 1950 it was nearly a third (a migration of about 500,000 during the war), this was driven by the war boom. It must still be kept in fountainhead that although it jobs were better in the North the situation was still not ideal, blacks would earn, o n average, 50% less than their white colleagues and it was common for whites to object to the promotion of African Americans. Finally whites were still more likely to be employed over blacks and example of this is in New York, where 6% of white men were unemployed compared to 10% of black men.

Education Essay

The most prominent theoretical account of a formal setting in the book is school. However, guidebook does non learn much from school. This can be examplified by the fact that when Scout is able to look at better than the teacher, overleap Caroline Fisher had expected, Miss Caroline Fisher told her to tell her father to stop teaching her how to read. sooner of functioning Scout to improve her nurture, Mrs Fisher is impeding Scouts learning process. This shows that schools do not cater to children of different abilities and Scouts learning is restricted in school.Hence, school is not the only belongings where a child learns. Jem and Scout learn moral values from Atticus. This is examplified by the many values Atticus teaches them such as moral resolution and to stand up for what one believes is right. Atticus brought his children up to act the blacks and the whites as equals. When Scout tells Atticus to send Calpurnia away, Atticus told Scout that they could not go far a da y without Calpurnia and he told Scout to mind her. Scout learnt that she had to treat Calpurnia (a Negro) wish how she would treat a White and to be respectful towards Calpurnia.Jem looks up to Atticus and tries to emulate him. This is because Atticus is a good role modelling and a good father. Jem learns from Atticus to rent the moral courage to date for what is right. This is unpatterned as Atticus went all out to fight for gobbler Robinson as he believed that Tom was innocent. Atticus did this although he knew that he would smell severe criticism from the people in Mycomb and that he would put his tone and his childrens at risk. From the example he sets, Jem is able to learn to have the moral courage to fight for what is right.Hence, Jem and Scout do learn in informal settings. Jem also learnt to have the courage to do what one decides to do. This is evident from Jems encounter with Mrs. Dubose. Mrs Dubose is a morphine addict and she tried in truth hard to get rid of he r addiction. Mrs. Dubose sets an alarm clock and made Jem read to her as he was angry at what she said and cut bump off the top of her bushes. When the alarm clock rings, it would mark the end of Jems reading time. During this period of time when Jem is reading, Mrs Dubose will refrain from taking morphine.She used this rule to try and get rid of her morphine addiction. To further elaborate, Mrs. Dubose was very gamey to try and get rid of her morphine addiction as it was a very painful process. Mrs. Dubose was almost dying but she wanted to present the world beholden to nothing so she tried her very lift out to get rid of her addiction and displayed a strong sense of courage. Jem learnt from Mrs. Dubose that no matter how painful the process is, one should have the courage and purpose to accomplish it. Hence, Jem do learn in an informal setting.Jem and Scout also gained knowledge from a new experience that Calpurnia showed them. This is evident as Calpurnia showed them how it was like in a Negro church. By visiting their church, they learnt about the leaving in the conditions of the Negroes church and their church. They also learnt more about Tom Robinsons case when Scout asked Calpurnia why the pastor demands a donation from everyone to help Tom Robinsons wife provide for her kids. From these, the children were somewhat more conscious of the discrimination happening in Maycomb.

Are Modern Sitcoms Too Controversial

With todays society being oft more than open and accepting about many different reports, the clobber content used as entertainment in many comedies is sightly more and more contr everyplacesial. Popular television shows such as suddenly Fabulous, Family Guy and American Dad argon consistently proving that jokes focusing on risque topics such as abortion, religion, alcohol and drug abuse, sexism, racism and heretofore the subject of disabilities are more entertaining and therefore, despite some audiences ceremony these shows in horror, they are becoming more and more socially acceptable. delight of the past was rather held back when compared to what is on television today. This raises the question, are new-fashi integrityd funniness sitcoms too controversial? In 1992, the BBC aired the British japery Absolutely Fabulous, introducing viewers to dickens of the most self-indulgent and irresponsible women to hurt ever graced our television screens. This show which was created by the wonderful Jennifer Saunders, focused on two champagne-swigging, chain-smoking, outrageously past-their-prime characters Edina Monsoon and Patsy Stone.These two characters made popping pills, intoxication driving and harassing Edinas straight laced daughter a stiff occurrence. Socially, if these characters were real people, their crazy antics would non be accepted within todays society. This hilarious show however, has won its creator two BAFTA awards, seven Emmy awards and three British Comedy Awards (The Coffee Junkie, WordPress 2010). Animated comedys controversial material as exemplified by Family Guy and American Dad both of which were created by Seth Macfarlane, continue to push the boundaries callable to the pro caramelities, animated nudity, racism, sexism, Nazism, violence, abortion and almost every other risque topic one could possibly think of, referenced in these shows. Family Guy is one of the most controversial television shows currently on the air, and du e to the spirit of its material, complaints were made resulting in the show being cancelled.This show was cancelled not once however, but twice. Family Guy has been subject to much criticism, especially over its handling of sensitive issues such as HIV / AIDS and start Syndrome, however, after extremely strong petitioning from such a large fan base, TV Executives put the show back on air, not lacking(p) to risk losing such a large following. The result of this then provides the present that offensive humour is the key to a modern comedys success.Entertainment of the past has dramatically been trans take a leaked to suit the tastes of todays audience. Creators are favouring television shows which constantly push the boundaries of political correctness. Society, it appears, is now more than happy to welcome this extremely cheeky form of entertainment into their homes. make for(p) are the days of sitting around the coffee table with TV dinners on your lap, watching shows such as F amily Ties or Full habitation with the entire family.So the question, once again, has been raised as to whether comedy sitcoms are too controversial and in this day and age, it would seem that to find this form of humour offensive is considered prudish. In order to succeed, one must be at least one step ahead. Therefore, with societys views on such topics easing up, entertainment must change as well. These shows whitethorn be extremely controversial, and will continue to be so. Just stay in mind that a good laugh has never done anyone any harm.

Interpersonal conflict in the movie “Hitch Essay

Conflict betwixt people is a part of life and it is non necessarily a bad thing. I believe a alliance with frequent conflict whitethorn be healthier than one that seems to entirely perfect or does not guard any observable conflict. Conflicts great deal occur at valet de chambrey different levels of interaction, work, among fri closings, family members, and intimate kins.When conflict occurs a relationship can be weakened or strengthened depending on the conflict and its resolution. Thus, conflict is a truly critical event in the course of any relationship. Conflict can cause resentment, hostility, and perhaps end a relationship if it is handled poorly. However, conflict can be productive, lead to deeper understanding, vulgar respect and closeness if it is handled well. I believe that the determination of whether a relationship is healthy or unhealthy does not depend on the twist of conflicts between people, precisely on how the conflicts are handled and resolved.In the mo vie go (Mordaunt & Tadross, 2005) I noticed the inter psycheal conflict of lack of communication between the character Alex ( stoppage) and Sara. In the movie they started to date and unfeignedly got to like distributively other however, they two relegateed to disclose some very personal and meaning(a) facts about one another. The most all important(predicate) thing in a healthy relationship is good communication and self disclosure which both parties failed to do effectively.Both parties were dodging around the true aspects of their jobs. However, they were both very cautious about what they told each other and this eventually created a macroscopical hassle in their relationship. The conflict actually started when a friend of Saras fills like she was dumped by her boyfriend due to the advice of a date specialiser kn knowledge as the Date Doctor. Sara later looks out that the man that she has a relationship with (Hitch) is the date doctor. Sara confronts Hitch and ask him i f he isindeed the date doctor he confirms that he is and tries to explain to her what he does. She refuses to listen and the fight begins.When she calms down and tries to talk to him he blows her off and refuses to listen. Finally, in the end they work things out. I believe that if Sara had been more open and really disclosed what she was trying to do they could have avoided the conflict that happened between them. Hitch could have been more open about what his job really consisted of and this may have given her more understanding on what he tries to do for people. The conflict may have been avoided if after Sara found out that he was the date doctor she had given time to explain and may have been reassured he was not trying to hurt people but make love connections. Instead they both chose to be stubborn and not communicate with other causing a lot of hurt and see in their relationship.It is our interest to maintain relationships that are smooth, flexible, and mutually enhancing. T he problem occurs when we fail to use cooperative approaches in our dealings with others. People do not create conflict intentionally. It sometimes happens because we are not aware of how our own behavior contributes to interpersonal problems. Sometimes we feel so exasperated that we guidance on our own needs at expense of others. Then we find ourselves in conflict within our relationships. To prevent conflict from happening it is important to identify the ways in which we contribute to the disagreement and work on how you say things.Have a discussion (listen) to understand both sides of the problem and try to resolve it. In a relationship a person should be ready, willing and able to communicate their inner thoughts and feelings to one another. talk is a key role in any healthy relationship, whether it is platonic, or intimate.RESOURCESwww.livestrong.com/article/157478www.drbalternatives.com/articles/cc2.htmlMordaunt, W. Tadross, M. (Executive Producers), & Tennant, A. (Director) . (2005). Hitch Film. Los Angeles Sony Pictures

1984: Power Hunger Leads to Society Downfall

In the eyes of a strength hungry ruler, a totalitarian political relation would be paradise. It would be thought that if a leader is so capable with the way he rules his rustic, the grass would be greener on the other side. In this case, it is farthest from it. Citizens are laboured to act upon the judicatures rules, and mishap to do so would only earn them a horrid academic term of torment and consequence. People are constantly under(a) the political sciences thumb, and practically have no say in what goes on slightly them.An American President once said, The findds of totalitarian regimes are nurtured by ill luck and want. They spread and grow in the evil soil of poverty and strife. They cave in their full harvest-time when the hope of a raft for a better(p) deportment has died (Harry Truman). A totalitarian governments goal is to mold and ignore the mountains needs, then take that factor and use it a suck upst them by do threats of not making change if the passel choose not to gather with them. They promise the society a better life, so long as the bulk do not cease to abide by the governments orders.When invariablyyone is a mere laborer for the government, looking forward to beholding no change and delight in their surroundings, the government has then everlasting(a) their goal, and continue to retain its concourse like puppets in their hands. In the end, this comes to plant up that Truman was indeed theoretically correct, for every ruler who had claimed to be a totalitarian had oppressed their people of rights and freedom, and Truman took action to notice the effects. In 1984, the society of Oceania was brim over by a totalitarian government.During Josef Stalins reigning era, he as well partook in a totalitarian government. The people were beaten to death, starved, and looked forward to nothing, moreover were forced to act as they were told. In 1984, the society of Oceania was deprived of having emotion, rights and pri vacy. The boorish was able to be easily taken over by development Trumans cardinal steps to a totalitarian government seeds, growth and full growth. Even before Big Brother was created, life was passive hard for Winston, above all he remembered his continuous hunger, and the fierce seamy battles at mealtimes ( Orwell 134).With a society taken over by starvation, the people would easily be tricked into anything that talks about making the country a better place, with unlimited materials the people could use for their daily necessities. This shows how the country could potentially start narrow-mindedly thinking that if they choose what they think has the most advantages, it would disgorge an end to their misery and want, and finally focus on what they need. As in brief as the government takes control, they start to make changed in the society.The government gives their people the bare minimum to make sure they always come runnel tail end for more, war is the way of shatterin g to pieces, or pouring into the depths of the sea, materials which expertness otherwise be used to make the masses too comfortable, and therefore in the long run, too intelligent (Orwell 157). Though the government whitethorn have slightly improved the conditions of the society, it unsounded left the people with not enough to be happy and content with, which kept them running back to the government for anything and everything they needed.The government left its people in poverty and strife, hoping for positive(p) changes but not getting too excited about what to await in their future. The government has reached its full potential when the people are under their complete control, looking forward to no change or happiness in the future. OBrien immediately got down to the point and told Winston what they planned to do to him, Do not imagine that you will save yourself, Winston, however all told you surrender to us. No one who has once gone astray is ever spared.And even if we c hose to let you live out the natural term of your life, you still would never escape from us ( Orwell 211). At this point, Winston is under complete control of the government. Any hope for a better life would be short impossible, and the thought of once again being free would be unthinkable. This comes to show just how easy it is for the government to take over the country, leaving its people with no happiness or future. In the end, the country of Oceania which was deprived of having a normal human life style was taken over by a totalitarian government by victimization Trumans common chord steps seeds, growth and full growth.Josef Stalin, the Russian ruler of the time, also looked to absolutism for the answer to unlimited power. Just as Truman stated, Stalin took over his country by using misery, poverty and hopelessness against his people. Even before Stalin came into power, working conditions were far below basic. Theres famine in the Ukraine, during 1933, it drove more peop le to steal grain from a collective farm, which resulted in their deaths ascribable to Stalins authority ( Famine in the Ukraine).With peoples lives in despair, it was easier for Stalin to trick the people into voting for him as the new ruler. With his too comfortably to be true speeches, the people could not help but cerebrate that they could see drastic change in their society. Little did they know they would see change, but not the type of change they wanted. Stalin used the peoples misery to lie to them into thinking they would get a better life and living conditions. When the people kept on believing that what they heard was true, they hastily voted him the new ruler of their country.During Stalins era, the KNVD bound victims hands and feet, stripped them to their underwear, lined tem up, and shot them in the back of the head, ( Mass graves uncovered). When people realized how Stalin treated the victims, they did not dare to break any laws. Stalin was in control, and nobody could change that. It did not take long until Stalin had gotten the whole country writhed between his fingers. By 1919, Stalin had gotten both the party and public under his complete control ( Political manipulation and then there was none).With everyone under his thumb, Stalin had gotten the power to do whatever he wanted. The whole government was run by his commands, and failure to listen was resulted with being the next victims to his unsmooth punishments. By using the three parts of Trumans speech, Stalin was able to convince, gain control, and abuse the people by claming that he would fix their misery, and ending up purring the people through poverty and strife, losing hope of having any improvements in their lives.Truman was officially correct when he talked about the way totalitarianism worked. By using the peoples needs for another reason to step into power, power hungry rulers could easily gain control, make the people suffer though poverty and strife, and then cause the m to lose hope of once again having any happiness or good in their lives. All three stages of Trumans speech could lead to a ruler completely pickings aver a country, leaving the people hopeless and defenseless against the government.If the U. S. as taken over by a totalitarian government, over three quarters of what the citizens have today would be banished, and everyone would have absolutely no say in what goes in in their surroundings. The American citizens would be forced to act upon the governments rules, and any attempts of rebellion or ascent would follow up with harsh punishments and maybe even death. This shows how hard it was for people back then to live their lives the way they wanted to, always in fear of losing their lives to the government.